Casio fx9860G manuals
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1 User’s Guide2 Quick-Start20 Getting Acquainted— Read This FirstAbout this User’s Guide u! x(') u m EQUA EQUA EQUA u Function Keys and Menus uMenu Titles [MAT] 21 Getting AcquainteduGraphs Left hand page Right hand page 3. Draw the graph 35(DRAW)(or w) u Command List PRGM Example: The following operation displays Xfct: [VARS]-[FACT]-[Xfct] u Page Contents u Supplementary Information *indicates a note about a term that appears in the same page as the note 22 Basic Operation23 1-1Keys24 the e • ACT or RUN • MATe • ACT or RUN • MAT 27 1-1-5KeyskKey Markings Function Key Operation log The following describes the color coding used for key markings Color Key Operation Orange Press !and then the key to perform the marked function Red Press aand then the key to perform the marked function # Alpha Lock 28 1-2Display29 S ¥ SHTUse this mode to perform spreadsheet calculations. Each (Spreadsheet) to the calculatorÕs built-incommands and S ¥ SHT mode in the STAT mode GRAPH Use this mode to store graph functions and to draw graphs using the functions DYNA (Dynamic Graph) versions of a graph by changing the values assigned to the variables in a function TABLE function change, and to draw graphs RECUR Use this mode to store recursion formulas, to generate a (Recursion) variables in a function change, and to draw graphs CONICS Use this mode to draw graphs of conic sections EQUA (Equation) unknowns, quadratic equations, and cubic equations PRGM (Program) run programs TVM (Financial) cash ßow and other types of graphs LINK Use this mode to transfer memory contents or back-updata to another unit or PC MEMORY Use this mode to manage data stored in memory SYSTEM Use this mode to initialize memory, adjust contrast, and to make other system settings 30 kAbout the Function Menu• Next Menu Selecting displays a menu of hyperbolic functions • Command Input Selecting inputs the sinh command • Direct Command Execution Selecting executes the DRAW command kAbout Display Screens Text Screen The contents of each type of screen are stored in independent memory areas Press !6(G↔T) to switch between the graph screen and text screen 31 kNormal DisplayuHow to interpret exponential format 32 kSpecial Display FormatskCalculation Execution Indicator 33 1-3Inputting and Editing Calculations51 1-4Option (OPTN) Menu53 1-5Variable Data (VARS) Menu54 u STAT — Recalling statistical dataminX maxX minY maxY MSe •{Q1}/{Q3} •{Med}/{Mod} •{Strt}/{Pitch} PTS 55 u GRPH — Recalling Graph Functions•{Xt}/{Yt} ... parametric graph function {Xt}/{Yt} • {X} ... {X=constant graph function} (Press these keys before inputting a value to specify a storage memory.) u DYNA — Recalling Dynamic Graph Set Up Data •{Strt}/{End}/{Pitch} uTABL — Recalling Table Set Up and Content Data ... {table range start value}/{table range end value}/{table value increment} •{Reslt*1} ... {matrix of table contents} 56 u RECR — Recalling Recursion Formula*1, Table Range, and Table Content Data• {FORM} ... {recursion formula data menu} •{an}/{an+1}/{an+2}/{bn}/{bn+1}/{bn+2}/{cn}/{cn+1}/{cn+2} ... {an}/{an+1}/{an+2}/{bn}/{bn+1}/{bn+2}/{cn}/{cn+1}/{cn+2} expressions • {RANG} ... {table range data menu} •{Strt}/{End} ... table range {start value}/{end value} •{a0}/{a1}/{a2}/{b0}/{b1}/{b2}/{c0}/{c1}/{c2} ... {a0}/{a1}/{a2}/{b0}/{b1}/{b2}/{c0}/{c1}/{c2} value •{anSt}/{bnSt}/{cnSt} • {Reslt*2} ... {matrix of table contents*3} u EQUA — Recalling Equation Coefficients and Solutions*4 *5 •{S-Rlt}/{S-Cof} •{P-Rlt}/{P-Cof} ... matrix of {solution}/{coefficients} for a quadratic or cubic equation uTVM — Recalling Financial Calculation Data • {n}/{I%}/{PV}/{PMT}/{FV} • {P/Y}/{C/Y} 57 1-6Program (PRGM) Menu58 1-7Syntax Help59 1-8Using the Setup Screen60 uFrac Result (fraction result display format)d/c ab/c uFunc Type (graph function type) •{Y=}/{r=}/{Parm}/{X=c} •{Y>}/{Y<}/{Yt}/{Ys} uDraw Type (graph drawing method) •{Con}/{Plot} uDerivative (derivative value display) •{On}/{Off} uAngle (default angle unit) •{Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} uComplex Mode Real •{a + bi}/{r ∠ θ} uCoord (graph pointer coordinate display) uGrid (graph gridline display) uAxes (graph axis display) 61 uLabel (graph axis label display)uSyntax Help (syntax help display setting) uDisplay (display format) •{Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} uStat Wind (statistical graph V-Windowsetting method) •{Auto}/{Man} ... {automatic}/{manual} uResid List (residual calculation) •{None}/{LIST} ... {no calculation}/{list specification for the calculated residual data} uList File (list file display settings) • {FILE} ... {settings of list file on the display} u Sub Name (list naming) uGraph Func (function display during graph drawing and trace) uDual Screen (dual screen mode status) •{G+G}/{GtoT}/{Off} uSimul Graph (simultaneous graphing mode) 62 uBackground (graph display background)•{None}/{PICT} u Sketch Line (overlaid line type) uDynamic Type (dynamic graph type) •{Cnt}/{Stop} uLocus (dynamic graph locus mode) uY=Draw Speed (dynamic graph draw speed) •{Norm}/{High} uVariable (table generation and graph draw settings) •{RANG}/{LIST} uΣ Display (Σ value display in recursion table) uPayment (payment period setting) •{BGN}/{END} 63 uDate Mode (number of days per year setting)•{365}/{360} ... interest calculations using {365}*1/{360} days per year uAuto Calc (spreadsheet auto calc) ... {execute}/{not execute} the formulas automatically uShow Cell (spreadsheet cell display mode) • {Form}/{Val} ... {formula}*2/{value} uMove (spreadsheet cell cursor direction)*3 • {Low}/{Right} ... {move down}/{move right} 64 1-9Using Screen Capture65 1-10When you keep having problems…67 Manual Calculations68 2-1Basic Calculations69 kNumber of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, NormalDisplay Range [SET UP] - [Display] - [Fix] / [Sci] / [Norm] Condition 100/6w 4 decimal places !m(SET UP) f (or c 12 times) 1(Fix)ewJw (Fix) 5 signifi cant digits 2(Sci)fwJw (Sci) 1.6667E+01 Cancels specifi cation 3(Norm)Jw 70 200 ⎟ 7 ⋅ 14200/7*14w 3 decimal places 1(Fix)dwJw Calculation continues using 200/7w display capacity of 10 digits Ans ⋅ 14w • If the same calculation is performed using the specifi ed number of digits: The value stored internally is K6(g)4(NUM)4(Rnd)w rounded off to the number of decimal places specifi ed on the Setup screen You can also specify the 6(RndFi)!-(Ans),2) RndFix(Ans,2) number of decimal places for rounding of internal values for a specifi c calculation.*1 (Example: To specify rounding to two decimal places) kCalculation Priority Sequence 1Type A functions Composite functions*2 fn, Yn, rn, Xtn, Ytn, Xn 71 2Type B functionsx 3Power/root ^(xy), x 4Fractions a b/c Abbreviated multiplication format in front of 2π, 5A, etc 6Type C functions 2'3, A log2, etc 8Permutation, combination nPr, nCr, ∠ 9⋅, ÷ 0+, – !Relational operators =, ≠, >, <, ≥, ≤ @And (logical operator), and (bitwise operator) #Or (logical operator), or, xor, xnor (bitwise operator) Example 2 + 3 ⋅ (log sin2π2 + 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad) 72 kMultiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign2π, 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc kOverflow and Errors 73 kMemory Capacity74 2-2Special Functions75 uTo display the contents of a variableTo display the contents of variable A uTo clear a variable To clear variable A uTo assign the same value to more than one variable uFunction Memory STO RCL SEE 76 uTo store a functionExample To store the function (A+B) (A–B)as function memory number (av(A)+al(B)) (av(A)-al(B)) K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 1(STO)bw JJJ uTo recall a function Example To recall the contents of function memory number K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM) 2(RCL)bw uTo recall a function as a variable daav(A)w baal(B)w K6(g)6(g)3(FMEM)3(fn) b+cw uTo display a list of available functions 4(SEE) 77 uTo delete a functionExample To delete the contents of function memory number uTo use stored functions y = x3 + x2 + x + Xmin = – 4 Xmax = 4 Ymin = –10 Ymax = 10 78 kAnswer FunctionuTo use the contents of the answer memory in a calculation Example 123 + 456 = 579789 – 579 Abcd+efgw hij-!-(Ans)w (Ans) kPerforming Continuous Calculations Ab/dw (Continuing)*dw 79 kHistory Function*cw To change “1+2” to “1+3” and recalculate Perform the following operation following the sample shown above ffffdDdw 80 kStacksstacks numeric value stack command stack program subroutine stack Numeric Value Stack Command Stack 81 kUsing Multistatements• Colon (:) • Display Result Command (^) Abcdaav(A) !J(PRGM)6(g)5(:)g.j *av(A)!J(PRGM)5(^) av(A)/d.cw 82 2-3Specifying the Angle Unit and Display Format83 uTo specify the number of significant digits (Sci)To specify three significant digits 2(Sci)dw uTo specify the normal display (Norm 1/Norm 2) Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x|, |x| >1010 Norm 2: 10–9(0.000000001)>|x|,|x| >1010 Ab/caaw (Norm 1) (Norm 2) uTo specify the engineering notation display (Eng mode) E (Exa) m (milli) ⋅ 10–3 P (Peta) μ (micro) n (nano) G (Giga) p (pico) M (Mega) f (femto) k (kilo) 84 2-4Function Calculations85 uAngle Units, Coordinate Conversion, Sexagesimal Operations (ANGL)[OPTN]-[ANGL] •{°}/{r}/{g} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads} for a specifi c input value •{° ’ ”} ... {converts decimal value to degrees/minutes/seconds value}*1 Pol Rec •{'DMS} ... {converts decimal value to sexagesimal value} uEngineering Symbol (ESYM) [OPTN]-[ESYM] ENG 86 kAngle Units• Be sure to specify Comp for Mode in the Setup screen Operation cccccc1 47.3° + 82.5rad = 4774.20181° 47.3+82.5K6(g)5(ANGL)2(r)w 2.255° = 2°15´18˝ 2.255K6(g)5(ANGL)6(g)3('DMS)w 87 kTrigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions2*s45*c65w*1 1/s30w 88 kLogarithmic and Exponential Functionslog 1.23 (log101.23) l1.23w log28 K4(CALC)6(g)4(logab)2,8)w 4(MATH)2(logab) 2e8w In 90 (loge90) I90w 101.23 !l(10x)1.23w (To obtain the antilogarithm of common logarithm 1.23) e4.5 !I(ex)4.5w (To obtain the antilogarithm of natural logarithm 4.5) (–3)4 = (–3) ⋅ (–3) ⋅ (–3) ⋅ (–3) (-3)M4w –34 = –(3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3) = –81 -3M4w 7 123 ) 7!M(x')123w !M(x')7e123w 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 64 – 4 2+3*3!M(x')64-4w*1 2+3*!M(x')3e64e-4w 89 kHyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions90 kOther Functions91 kRandom Number Generation (Ran#)Ran# (Generates a random number.) K6(g)3(PROB)4(Ran#)w (Each press of wgenerates a new random number.) •Specifying an argument of 0 initializes the sequence.*1 Ran# (Generates the fi rst random number in sequence 1.) K6(g)3(PROB) 4(Ran#)bw (Generates the second random number in sequence 1.) (Initializes the sequence.) 4(Ran#)aw 92 kCoordinate Conversion→ 24.98979792 (r) 255.928 → 55.92839019 (θ) K6(g)5(ANGL)6(g)1(Pol() 14,20.7)wJ 93 kPermutation and Combinationu Permutation u Combination Formula kFractions Improper Fraction 7 2 { 1 94 ––+ 3 ––= –––$2c5e+!$(&)3e1c4w 2$5+3$1$4w $1c2578e+$1c4572w 1$2578+1$4572w ⋅ 0.5 = 0.25*2 $1c2e*.5w 1$2*.5w Display: 1.5+2.3!a(i)w 1.5 + 2.3i = ––+ –– 3{2 +23{10i MM*3 $1c$1c3e+$1c4w 1$(1$3+1$4)w 95 Switching between improper fraction and mixed fraction formatSwitching between fraction and decimal format kEngineering Notation Calculations Input engineering symbols using the engineering notation menu 4(Eng)J 999k (kilo) + 25k (kilo) 999K6(g)6(g)1(EYSM)6(g)1(k)+ = 1.024M (mega) 251(k)w 9 ⎟ 10 = 0.9 = 900m (milli) 9/10w K6(g)6(g)1(EYSM)6(g)6(g)3(ENG)*1 = 0.0009k (kilo) 3(ENG)*1 2(ENG)*2 = 900m 96 2-5Numerical Calculations97 kDifferential Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d/dx] K4(CALC)2(d/dx) f(x),a,tol) (a: point for which you want to determine the derivative, tol: tolerance) d/dx ( f (x), a) ⇒ dxd f (a) The differentiation for this type of calculation is defi ned as: f (a + Ax) – f (a) f '(a) = lim ––––––––––––– infinitesimal sufficiently small f (a + Ax) – f (a) f '(a) ––––––––––––– Using Differential Calculation in a Graph Function 98 To determine the derivative at point x = 3 for the functiony = x3 + 4x2 + x – 6, with a tolerance of “tol” = 1E – Input the function f(x) AK4(CALC)2(d/dx)vMd+evx+v-g (CALC) Input point x = a for which you want to determine the derivative Input the tolerance value bE-f) A4(MATH)4(d/dx)vMde +evx+v-ged (MATH) 99 uApplications of Differential Calculations––– f (a) = f '(a) ––– g (a) = g'(a) Therefore: f '(a) + g'(a), f '(a) ⋅ g'(a), etc functions 2 ⋅ f '(a), log ( f '(a)), etc •Functions can be used in any of the terms (f (x), a, tol) of a differential –––(sinx + cosx, sin0.5, 1E - 8), etc. dx 100 kQuadratic Differential Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[d2/dx2] K4(CALC)3(d2/dx2) f(x),a,tol) (a: differential coeffi cient point, tol: tolerance) –––( f (x), a) ––– f (a) dx2 f ''(a) To determine the quadratic differential coefficient at the point where x = 3 for the function y = x3 + 4x2 + x – Here we will use a tolerance tol = 1E – AK4(CALC)3(d2/dx2) vMd+ evx+v-g Input 3 as point a, which is the differential coeffi cient point 101 A4(MATH)5(d2/dx2)vMde+evx+v-gedw uQuadratic Differential Applications • Arithmetic operations can be performed using two quadratic differentials ––– f (a) = f ''(a) ––– g (a) = g''(a) f ''(a) + g''(a), f ''(a) ⋅ g''(a), etc 2 ⋅ f ''(a), log ( f ''(a) ), etc Functions can be used within the terms ––– (sin x + cos x, sin 0.5, 1E - 8), etc. dx2 102 ∫( f(x), a, b, tol) ⇒ ∫ab f(x)dx103 4(MATH)6(g)1(∫dx)cvx+dv+eebffw uApplication of Integration Calculation • Integrals can be used in addition, subtraction, multiplication or division ∫b f(x) dx + ∫d g(x) dx, etc 2 ⋅ ∫a f(x) dx, etc log (∫a f(x) dx), etc • Functions can be used in any of the terms (f(x), a, b, tol) of an integral (sin x + cos x) dx = (sin x + cos x, sin 0.5, cos 0.5, 1E - 4) 104 ∫ab f(x)dx = ∫ac f(x)dx + (–∫cb f(x)dx)∫ab f(x)dx = ∫ax1 f(x)dx + ∫xx1 2 f(x)dx +.....+ ∫xb4 f(x)dx 105 kΣ Calculations[OPTN]-[CALC]-[Σ] K4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ( ) ak , k , α , β , n ) Σ (ak, k, α, β, n) = Σ ak = aα + aα +1 +........+ aβ (n: distance between partitions) To calculate the following: Σ(k2 – 3k + 5)6 Use n = 1 as the distance between partitions AK4(CALC)6(g)3(Σ( )a,(K) x-da,(K)+f,a,(K),c,g,b)w A4(MATH)6(g)2(Σ( )a,(K) x-da,(K)+fea,(K)ecfgw 106 Sn + Tn, Sn – Tn, etc107 kMaximum/Minimum Value CalculationsuMinimum Value uMaximum Value 108 AK4(CALC)6(g)2(FMax) -vx+cv+c(FMax) 109 2-6Complex Number Calculations110 kArithmetic OperationsExample 1 (1 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) Example 2 (2 + i) ⋅ (2 – i) kReciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares kComplex Number Format Using Polar Form Example 2∠30 ⋅ 3∠45 = 6∠75 111 kAbsolute Value and Argument[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Abs]/[Arg] To calculate absolute value (r) and argument (θ) for the complex number 3 + 4i, with the angle unit set for degrees Imaginary axis Real axis AK3(CPLX)2(Abs) (d+e1(i))w (Calculation of absolute value) AK3(CPLX)3(Arg) (d+e1(i))w (Calculation of argument) kConjugate Complex Numbers [OPTN]-[CPLX]-[Conj] Example To calculate the conjugate complex number for the complex number 2 + AK3(CPLX)4(Conj) (c+e1(i))w 112 kExtraction of Real and Imaginary Parts[OPTN]-[CPLX]-[ReP]/[lmP] To extract the real and imaginary parts of the complex number 2 + AK3(CPLX)6(g)1(ReP) (c+f6(g)1(i))w (Real part extraction) AK3(CPLX)6(g)2(ImP) (Imaginary part extraction) 113 kPolar and Rectangular Form Transformation[OPTN]-[CPLX]-['r∠θ]/['a+bi] 114 2-7Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Calculations with Integers119 2-8Matrix Calculations120 kInputting and Editing MatricesDEL DEL·A DIM u Creating a Matrix uTo specify the dimensions (size) of a matrix Example To create a 2-row ⋅ 3-columnmatrix in the area named Mat B 121 uTo input cell valuesTo input the following data into Matrix B : bwcwdw ewfwgw To exit the Matrix input screen, press J 122 uDeleting MatricesuTo delete a specific matrix uTo delete all matrices 123 kMatrix Cell OperationsR-OP •{ROW} INS ADD •{COL} EDIT u Row Calculations Swap Rw+ uTo swap two rows Matrix A 124 uTo calculate the scalar multiplication of a row4 : 4, then add the result to row 3 : 125 uTo add two rows togetheru Row Operations uTo delete a row 126 uTo insert a rowuTo add a row 127 uColumn Operations•{DEL} ... {delete column} •{INS} ... {insert column} •{ADD} ... {add column} uTo delete a column To delete column 2 of the following matrix : 3(COL)1(DEL) uTo insert a column To insert a new column between columns 1 and 2 of the following matrix : 3(COL)2(INS) 128 uTo add a columnkModifying Matrices Using Matrix Commands uTo display the matrix commands Det Trn Aug Iden Dim Fill 129 u Matrix Data Input Format[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat] ... a1n ... a2n am1 am2 ... amn [ [a Example 1 To input the following data as Matrix A : !+( [ )!+( [ )b,d,f !-( ] )!+( [ )c,e,g !-( ] )!-( ] )aK2(MAT) 1(Mat)av(A) 130 uTo input an identity matrixExample 2 To create a 3 ⋅ 3 identity matrix as Matrix A uTo check the dimensions of a matrix Example 3 To check the dimensions of Matrix A, which was input in Example Example 4 To specify dimensions of 2 rows and 3 columns for Matrix B 131 uModifying Matrices Using Matrix CommandsuTo assign values to and recall values from an existing matrix [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat] Mat X [m, n] m row number n column number Example 1 Assign 10 to the cell at row 1, column 2 of the following matrix : Matrix A = 3 baaK2(MAT)1(Mat) av(A)!+( )b,c !-( )w JJ1('MAT)w MAT) K2(MAT)1(Mat) av(A)!+( )c,c !-( )*fw 132 uTo fill a matrix with identical values and to combine two matrices into asingle matrix [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Fill]/[Aug] Example 1 To fill all of the cells of Matrix A with the value K2(MAT)6(g)3(Fill) d,6(g)1(Mat)av(A)w 1(Mat)av(A)w Example 2 To combine the following two matrices : A B K2(MAT)5(Aug) 1(Mat)av(A) 1(Mat)al(B)w 133 uTo assign the contents of a matrix column to a list [OPTN]-[MAT]-[M→L]Example To assign the contents of column 2 of the following matrix to list 1 : 134 kMatrix Calculations135 uMatrix Arithmetic Operations[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Mat]/[Iden] Example 1 To add the following two matrices (Matrix A + Matrix B) : AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)+ AfK2(MAT)1(Mat) av(A)w Example 3 To multiply the two matrices in Example 1 (Matrix A ⋅ Matrix B) AK2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A) Example 4 To multiply Matrix A (from Example 1) by a 2 ⋅ 2 identity matrix 6(g)1(Iden)cw Number of rows and columns 136 uDeterminant[OPTN]-[MAT]-[Det] Obtain the determinant for the following matrix : −1 −2 K2(MAT)3(Det)1(Mat) uMatrix Transposition [OPTN]-[MAT]-[Trn] To transpose the following matrix : K2(MAT)4(Trn)1(Mat) av(A)w 137 Matrix CalculationsuMatrix Inversion [OPTN]-[MAT]-[x–1] To invert the following matrix : av(A)!)(x–1)w uSquaring a Matrix [OPTN]-[MAT]-[x2] Example To square the following matrix : K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)xw 138 uRaising a Matrix to a Power[OPTN]-[MAT]-[] To raise the following matrix to the third power : K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A) Mdw uDetermining the Absolute Value, Integer Part, Fraction Part, and Maximum Integer of a Matrix [OPTN]-[NUM]-[Abs]/[Frac]/[Int]/[Intg] To determine the absolute value of the following matrix : 1 –2 –34 K6(g)4(NUM)1(Abs) K2(MAT)1(Mat)av(A)w 139 kPerforming Matrix Calculations Using Natural Input140 uTo input cell valuesuTo assign a matrix created using natural input to a MAT mode matrix 141 List Function142 3-1Inputting and Editing a List150 3-2Manipulating List Data151 uTo count the number of data items in a listTo count the number of values in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) uTo create a list or matrix by specifying the number of data items [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Dim] 152 Matrix AuTo replace all data items with the same value uTo generate a sequence of numbers f(x) = X2. Use a starting value of 1, an ending value of 11, and an increment of 153 contains the smallest value(LIST) (Min) To find which of two lists contains the greatest value [Max] Use the same procedure as that for the smallest value, except press (Max) in place of (Min) • The result of this operation is stored in ListAns Memory To find whether List 1 (75, 16, 98, 46, 56) or List 2 (35, 59, 58, 72, 67) (List) <list number 1-26 <list number [OPTN] [LIST] [Min] To find which of two lists contains the smallest value Use the same procedure as when finding the minimum value (Min), except press [Max] b)w To find the maximum value in a list Example To find the minimum value in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) To find the minimum value in a list 154 uTo calculate the mean of data itemsExample To calculate the mean of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46 56) uTo calculate the mean of data items of specified frequency [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Mean] frequency is indicated by List 2 (75, 89, 98, 72, 67) uTo calculate the median of data items in a list[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med] [Med] Example To calculate the median of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) 155 uTo calculate the median of data items of specified frequency[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Med] uTo combine lists uTo calculate the sum of data items in a list[OPTN]-[LIST]-[Sum] [Sum] Example To calculate the sum of data items in List 1 (36, 16, 58, 46, 56) 156 uTo calculate the product of values in a listTo calculate the product of values in List 1 (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) uTo calculate the cumulative frequency of each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[Cuml] (2, 3, 6, 5, 4) uTo calculate the percentage represented by each data item [OPTN]-[LIST]-[%] 157 To calculate the percentage represented by each data item in ListAK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)4(%) uTo calculate the differences between neighboring data inside a list [OPTN]-[LIST]-[A] K1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A)<list number 1-26>w • The result of this operation is stored in ListAns memory To calculate the difference between the data items in List (1, 3, 8, 5, 4) AK1(LIST)6(g)6(g)5(A) 158 3-3Arithmetic Calculations Using Lists163 3-4Switching Between List Files164 Equation Calculations172 Graphing173 5-1Sample Graphs181 5-2Controlling What Appears on a Graph Screen191 5-3Drawing a Graph192 uTo store a polar coordinate function (r=) *1Example To store the following expression in memory area r2 : r = 5 sin3θ 3(TYPE)2(r=) (Specifies polar coordinate expression.) fsdv(Inputs expression.) w(Stores expression.) uTo store a parametric function *2 To store the following functions in memory areas Xt3 and Yt3 : x = 3 sin T y = 3 cos T 3(TYPE)3(Parm) (Specifies parametric expression.) dsvw(Inputs and stores x expression.) dcvw(Inputs and stores y expression.) 193 uTo store an X = constant expression *1Example To store the following expression in memory area X4 : X 3(TYPE)4(X=c) (Specifies X = constant expression.) d(Inputs expression.) uTo store an inequality *1 Example To store the following inequality in memory area Y5 : y > x2 − 2x − 3(TYPE)6(g)1(Y>) (Specifies an inequality.) vx-cv-g(Inputsexpression.) uTo create a composite function To use relations in Y1 and Y2 to create composite functions for Y3 and Y4 Y1 + 1),Y2 = X2 + Assign Y1°Y2 to Y3, and Y2°Y1 to Y4 (Y1°Y2 ((x2 + 3) +1 ) = (x2 + 4) Y2°Y1 = ( (X + 1))2 + 3 = X + 4 (X > −1)) Input relations into Y3 and Y4 3(TYPE)1(Y=)J4(GRPH) 1(Y)b(1(Y)c)w (Y) J4(GRPH)1(Y)c (1(Y)b)w • A composite function can consist of up to five functions 194 uTo assign values to the coefficients and variables of a graph function195 Memory Area TypeDefault Variable Xtn Ytn Y1 (3) and Y1 (X = 3) are identical values 196 kEditing and Deleting FunctionsuTo edit a function in memory uTo change the line style of a graph function “Broken” 197 uTo change the type of a function *1Example To change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 2x2 – 3 to y < 2x2 – 198 kSelecting Functions for GraphinguTo specify the draw/non-drawstatus of a graph Y1 = 2x2 – 5, r2 = 5 sin3θ Xmin = –5 Ymin = –5 Ymax = 5 Tθ max = π Tθ ptch = 2π 199 kGraph MemoryA single save operation saves the following data in graph memory •All graph functions in the currently displayed Graph relation list (up to 20) •Graph types •Function graph line information •Draw/non-drawstatus •V-Windowsettings (1 set) uTo store graph functions in graph memory 1. Press 5(GMEM)1(STO) to display the pop-upwindow • There are 20 graph memories numbered G-Mem1to G-Mem20 uTo recall a graph function 1. Press 5(GMEM)2(RCL) to display the pop-upwindow 200 5-4Storing a Graph in Picture Memory201 5-5Drawing Two Graphs on the Same Screen207 5-6Manual Graphing215 5-7Using Tables216 uTo generate a table using a list1. While the Table relation list is on the screen, display the Setup screen 2. Highlight Variable and then press 2(LIST) to display the pop-upwindow 3. Select the list whose values you want to assign for the x-variable To select List 6, for example, press uGenerating a Table To generate a table of values for the functions stored in memory areas Y1 and Y3 of the Table relation list Each cell can contain up to six digits, including negative sign 217 To scroll the display and view parts of the table that do not fit in the display•To change x variable values by replacing values in column Press 1(FORM) or J to return to the Table relation list uTo generate a differential number table *1 uSpecifying the function type You can specify a function as being one of three types.*2 •Rectangular coordinate (Y=) •Polar coordinate (r=) •Parametric (Parm) 1. Press 3(TYPE) while the relation list is on the screen 218 uTo edit a functionExample To change the function in memory area Y1 from y = 3x2 – 2 to y = 3x2 – 219 kEditing TablesG·CON G·PLT uTo change variable values in a table 220 uRow Operations221 Example To add a new row below Row 7 in the table generated on pageuDeleting a Table 222 kCopying a Table Column to a ListuTo copy a table to a list 223 kDrawing a Graph from a Number Table1. From the Main Menu, enter the TABLE mode 3. Store the functions 4. Specify the table range 5. Generate the table 6. Select the graph type and draw it 5(G • CON) ... line graph*1 6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph*1 Selecting 224 Store the two functions below, generate a number table, and then drawa line graph. Specify a range of –3to 3, and an increment of Y1 = 3x2 – 2, Y2 Xmin = 0 Xmax = 6 1mTABLE 2!3(V-WIN) awgwbwc -cwbawcwJ 33(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cwvxw 45(SET)-dwdwbwJ (SET) 56(TABL) 65(G • CON) 225 kSpecifying a Range for Number Table Generation226 Store the three functions shown below, and then generate a table forfunctions Y1 and Y3. Specify a range of –3to 3, and an increment of Y1 = 3x2 – 2, Y2 = x + 4, Y3 23(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cwv+ew vxw 35(SET)-dwdwbwJ 4ff1(SEL) 227 kSimultaneously Displaying a Number Table and Graph3. On the Setup screen, select T+G for Dual Screen 5. Specify the table range 6. The number table is displayed in the sub-screenon the right 7. Specify the graph type and draw the graph. 5(G • CON) ... line graph 6(G • PLT) ... plot type graph 228 Store the function Y1 = 3x2 – 2 and simultaneously display its numbertable and line graph. Use a table range of –3to 3 with an increment of 3!m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J 43(TYPE)1(Y=)dvx-cw 55(SET) 66(TABL) 75(G • CON) 229 kUsing Graph-TableLinking2. Make the required V-Windowsettings 3. Input the function of the graph and make the required table range settings 5(G • CON) ... connect type graph 5. Press K2(GLINK) to enter the Graph-TableLinking mode To exit the Graph-TableLinking mode, press J or !J(QUIT) 230 Xmin = –1Xmax = 10 Ymin = –1 Ymax = 4 2!3(V-WIN) -bwbawbwc -bwewbwJ !m(SET UP)cc1(T+G)J 33(TYPE)1(Y=)dlvw cwjwbwJ 46(TABL) 6(G • PLT) 5K2(GLINK) 6c ~ c, f ~ f 231 5-8Dynamic Graphing232 Dynamic GraphingUse Dynamic Graph to graph y = A (x – 1)2 – 1, in which the value of coefficient A changes from 2 through 5 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn 10 times Xmin = –6.3 Xmax = 6.3 Ymin = –3.1 Ymax = 3.1 1m DYNA 2!3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J 3!m(SET UP)2(Stop)J 45(B-IN)c1(SEL) 54(VAR)cwbw-bw (VAR) 62(SET)cwfwbwJ 73(SPEED)3()J 86(DYNA) Repeats from 1 through 233 kDrawing a Dynamic Graph Locus234 Use Dynamic Graph to graph y = Ax, in which the value of coefficientA changes from 1 through 4 in increments of 1. The Graph is drawn times 3!m(SET UP)c1(On)J 45(B-IN)1(SEL) 54(VAR)bwaw 62(SET)bwewbwJ 235 kDynamic Graph Application Examples236 The path over time T of a ball thrown in the air at initial velocity V andan angle of θ degrees from horizontal can be calculated as follows X = (Vcos θ)T, Y = (Vsin θ)T – (1/2)gT2 (g = 9.8m/s2) Use Dynamic Graph to plot the path of a ball thrown at an initial velocity of 20 meters per second, at horizontal angles of 30, 45, and degrees (Angle: Deg) Xmax = 42 Ymax = 16 Tθ max = 6 Tθ ptch 2!3(V-WIN) -bwecwfwc -bwbgwcwawgwa.bwJ 3!m(SET UP)2(Stop) cccccc1(Deg)J 43(TYPE)3(Parm) (cacav(A))vw (casav(A))v-e.jvxw 54(VAR) 62(SET)dawgawbfwJ 237 kAdjusting the Dynamic Graph SpeedkGraph Calculation DOT Switching Function 238 kUsing Dynamic Graph MemoryThe following is all of the data that makes up a set •Graph functions (up to 20) •Dynamic Graph conditions •Setup screen settings •V-Windowcontents •Dynamic Graph screen uTo save data in Dynamic Graph memory uTo recall data from Dynamic Graph memory 1. Display the Dynamic Graph relation list 2. Pressing 6(RCL) recalls Dynamic Graph memory contents and draws the graph 239 5-9Graphing a Recursion Formula240 Generate a number table from recursion between three termsas expressed by an+2 = an+1 + an, with initial terms of a1 = 1, a2 (Fibonacci sequence), as n changes in value from 1 to 1m RECUR 23(TYPE)3(an+2) 34(n. an ··)3(an+1)+2(an)w 45(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwbwJ *The first two values correspond to a1 = 1 and a2 241 kGraphing a Recursion Formula (1)242 Graphing a Recursion FormulaGenerate a number table from recursion between two terms as expressed by an+1 = 2an + 1, with an initial term of a1 = 1, as n changes in value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a line graph Ymin = –15 Ymax = 65 -bfwgfwfwJ 33(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw 45(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ 51(SEL+S)f2()J 243 kGraphing a Recursion Formula (2)244 Generate a number table from recursion between two terms asin value from 1 to 6. Use the table values to draw a plot line graph with ordinate Σan, abscissa n 2!m(SET UP)1(On)J 3!3(V-WIN) awgwbwc 43(TYPE)2(an+1)c2(an)+bw 55(SET)2(a1)bwgwbwJ 61(SEL+S)f2()J 76(TABL) 86(G • PLT)6(Σan) 245 kWEB Graph (Convergence, Divergence)246 To draw the WEB graph for the recursion formula an+1 = –3(an)2 + 3anbn+1 = 3bn + 0.2, and check for divergence or convergence. Use the following table range and V-Windowsettings Table Range Start = 0, End = 6, a0 = 0.01, anStr = 0.01, b0 = 0.11, bnStr V-WindowSettings Xmax = 1 Ymin = 0 Ymax = 1 2!3(V-WIN) awbwbwc awbwbwJ 33(TYPE)2(an+1)-d2(an)x+d2(an)wd3(bn)+a.cw 45(SET)1(a0) awgwa.abwa.bbwc a.abwa.bbwJ 64(WEB) 7w~w(an is convergence) cw~w(bn is divergence) 247 kGraphing a Recursion Formula on Dual Screen4. Specify the recursion formula type and input the formula 8. Specify the graph type and draw the graph. 5(G • CON) ... line graph 248 3!m(SET UP)ccc1(T+G)J85(G • CON) 249 5-10Changing the Appearance of a Graph256 5-11Function Analysis257 Read coordinates along the graph of the function shown belowY1 = x2 – 2!3(V-WIN) -fwfwbwc 3(TYPE)1(Y=)vx-dw 3!1(TRCE) 4d~d 5-bw 258 kDisplaying the Derivative259 Read coordinates and derivatives along the graph of the functionshown below 2!m(SET UP)cccc1(On)J 4!1(TRCE) 5d~d 6-bw 260 kGraph to Table261 Function AnalysisSave, in a table, the coordinates in the vicinity of the points of intersection at X = 0 for the two graphs shown below, and store the table contents in List Y1 = x2 – 3, Y2 = – x + 2!m(SET UP)cc2(GtoT)J 43(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw -v+cw 5!1(TRCE) 6d~dwe~ew 7K1(CHNG) 8K2(LMEM)bw 262 kCoordinate Rounding263 3(TYPE)1(Y=) vx-dw -v+cw3!2(ZOOM)6(g)3(RND) 4!1(TRCE) d~d 264 kCalculating the Root265 Draw the graph shown below and calculate the root for Y1Y1 = x(x + 2)(x – 2) 3!5(G-SLV)1(ROOT) 5e e 266 kCalculating the Point of Intersection of Two Graphs267 Graph the two functions shown below, and determine the point ofintersection between Y1 and Y2 Y1 = x + 1, Y2 3(TYPE)1(Y=) v+bw vxw 2!5(G-SLV)5(ISCT) 268 kDetermining the Coordinates for Given Points269 Graph the two functions shown below and then determine the ycoordinate for x = 0.5 and the x-coordinatefor y = 2.2 on graph Y2 Y1 = x + 1, Y2 = x(x + 2)(x – 2) Xmax = 6.3, Xscale Ymax = 3.1, Yscale = 1 (initial defaults) (initial defaults) !3(V-WIN)1(INIT)J 3(TYPE)1(Y=)v+bw v(v+c)(v-c)w 2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)1(Y-CAL) 2 !5(G-SLV)6(g)2(X-CAL) 3 cw 4 a.fw 4 c.cw 270 kCalculating the lntegral Value for a Given RangeUse the following procedure to obtain integration values for a given range 5. Use e to move the upper limit pointer to the location you want 6. Press w to calculate the integral value 271 at (–2,0)272 kConic Section Graph AnalysisuParabolic Graph Analysis FOCS VTX LEN DIR SYM X-IN Y-IN uCircular Graph Analysis CNTR RADS uElliptical Graph Analysis uHyperbolic Graph Analysis ASYM 273 uTo calculate the focus, vertex and length of latus rectumTo determine the focus, vertex and length of latus rectum for the parabola X = (Y – 2)2 + 274 uTo calculate the center and radiusTo determine the center and radius for the circle (X + 2)2 + (Y + 1)2 275 uTo calculate the x- and y-interceptsTo determine the x- and y-interceptsfor the hyperbola (X – 3)2 (Y – 1)2 276 uTo draw and analyze the axis of symmetry and directrix277 uTo draw and analyze the asymptotes[G-SLV]-[ASYM] To draw the asymptotes for the hyperbola (X – 1)2 cwcwbwbw6(DRAW) 5(ASYM) (Draws the asymptotes.) uTo calculate eccentricity [G-SLV]-[e] To determine the eccentricity of the graph for ellipse (X – 2)2 (Y – 2)2 Xmax = 7 ccccccw ewcwcwcw6(DRAW) 6(g)1(e) (Calculates eccentricity.) 278 Statistical Graphs and Calculations279 6-1Before Performing Statistical Calculations280 kChanging Graph Parameters•{GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} drawing*1 SEL •{SET} ... {graph settings (graph type, list assignments)} 1. General graph settings [GRPH]-[SET] • Graph Type • Frequency 281 • Mark TypeThis setting lets you specify the shape of the plot points on the graph uTo display the general graph settings screen Pressing 1(GRPH)6(SET) displays the general graph settings screen •StatGraph (statistical graph specification) •{GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3} ... graph {1}/{2}/{3} •Graph Type (graph type specification) Scat NPP Hist Box N·Dis Brkn Med X^2 X^3 X^4 Log Exp Pwr Sin Lgst •XList (x-axisdata list) •{LIST} ... {List 1 to 26} •YList (y-axisdata list) •Frequency (number of times a value occurs) •{1} ... {1-to-1plot} •{LIST} ... frequency data in {List 1 to 26} •Mark Type (plot mark type) •{}/{⋅}/{•} ... scatter diagram plot points •Outliers (outliers specification) •{On}/{Off} ... {display}/{do not display} Med-Boxoutliers 282 2. Graph draw/non-drawstatus[GRPH]-[SEL] 1. Pressing 1(GRPH)4(SEL) displays the graph On/Off screen •{On}/{Off} ... {On (draw)}/{Off (non-draw)} •{DRAW} ... {draws all On graphs} 3. To return to the graph menu, press J 283 6-2Calculating and Graphing Single-VariableStatistical Data287 6-3Calculating and Graphing Paired-VariableStatistical Data301 6-4Performing Statistical Calculations311 6-5Tests312 kZ TestsuZ Test Common Functions u1-Sample Z Test Z o – μ0 315 u2-Sample Z Test317 u1-Prop Z Test– p0 Z p0(1– p0) 318 u2-Prop Z Testp(1– p ) 320 6-5-10Testskt Tests u t Test Common Functions • 1(T) ... Displays t score Press J to clear the t score 321 u 1-Sample t Test323 u 2-Sample t Test(n1–1)x1σ n–12 +(n2–1)x2 σn–12 + n2 – df = n1 + n2 – t df C 326 u LinearReg t TestΣ( x – o)( y – p) 1 – r Σ(x – o)2 327 6-5-17Testsβ G 0 & ρ G constant term coefficient standard error correlation coefficient 328 6-5-18Testskχ2 Test Expected counts 3(CHI) Observed name of matrix (A to Z) that contains observed counts (all cells positive integers) Expected name of matrix (A to Z) that is for saving expected frequency 329 6-5-19Testsχ2 value degrees of freedom You can use the following graph analysis functions after drawing a graph • 1(CHI) ... Displays χ2 value Press J to clear the χ2 value 330 k 2-Sample F Test331 6-5-21Testsσ1Gσ2 F value mean of sample 1 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.) mean of sample 2 (Displayed only for Data: List setting.) • 1(F) ... Displays F value Press J to clear the F value 332 6-5-22TestskANOVA 5(ANOV) How Many selects One-WayANOVA or Two-WayANOVA (number of levels) Factor A category list (List 1 to 26) Dependnt list to be used for sample data (List 1 to 26) Save Res first list for storage of calculation results (None or List 1 to 22)*1 executes a calculation or draws a graph (Two-WayANOVA only) The following item appears in the case of Two-WayANOVA only Factor B category list (List 1 to 26) • 6(DRAW) ... Draws the graph (Two-WayANOVA only) 333 6-5-23TestsOne-WayANOVA Line 1 (A) Factor A df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value Line 2 (ERR) Error df value, SS value, MS value Two-WayANOVA Line 2 (B) Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value, p-value Line 3 (AB) Factor A × Factor B df value, SS value, MS value, F value *Line 3 does not appear when there is only one observation in each cell Line 4 (ERR) mean squares You can use the following graph analysis function after drawing a graph • 1(Trace) or !1(TRCE) ... Trace function Press J to clear the pointer from the display 334 k ANOVA (Two-Way)uDescription uSolution 336 6-6Confidence Interval347 6-7Distribution370 7-1Before Performing Financial Calculations371 kGraphing in the TVM ModeSFV •Zoom, Scroll, and Sketch cannot be used in the TVM mode Note that graphs should be used only for reference purposes when viewing 372 7-2Simple Interest374 7-3Compound Interest375 PMT = –uConverting between the nominal interest rate and effective interest rate ) –1 100 ⋅ [C / Y ] When calculating n, PV, PMT, FV i= I%' ⎟100 When calculating I% –1}⋅[C / Y ] ⋅ 376 2(CMPD)number of compound periods of savings) PMT payment for each installment (payment in case of loan; deposit in case of savings) future value (unpaid balance in case of loan; principal plus interest in case of savings) P/Y installment periods per year C/Y compounding periods per year Inputting Values Precision 377 PMT378 7-4Cash Flow (Investment Appraisal)379 uPBPPBP n – NPVn NPVn+1 – NPVn NPV IRR PBP NFV 381 7-5Amortization384 7-6Interest Rate Conversion385 7-7Cost, Selling Price, Margin386 7-8Day/Date Calculations387 PRDd1+D d1–D 360-dayDate Mode Calculations 388 Programming8444 Spreadsheet445 9-1Spreadsheet Overview446 kS • SHT Mode Function Menu•{FILE} … {displays the FILE submenu} •{NEW} … {creates a new spreadsheet fi le} •{SV• AS} … {saves the displayed spreadsheet under a new name (Save As)} •{RECAL} … {recalculates the formulas included in the displayed spreadsheet} •{EDIT} … {displays the EDIT submenu} CUT PASTE COPY CELL •{JUMP} … {displays a JUMP submenu} BOT 447 SEQFILL SRT ROW COL ALL CLR {GPH1}/{GPH2}/{GPH3}/{SEL}/{SET} {1VAR}/{2VAR}/{REG}/{SET} 448 •{STO} … {displays the STO submenu}•{VAR} … {assigns the contents of a cell to a variable} •{LIST} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a list} •{FILE} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a fi le} •{MAT} … {saves the contents of a range of cells as a matrix} •{RCL} … {displays the RCL submenu} •{LIST} … {imports data from a list into the spreadsheet} •{FILE} … {imports data from a fi le into the spreadsheet} •{MAT} … {imports data from a matrix into the spreadsheet} uData Input Function Menu • {GRAB} … {enters the Grab mode for inputting sell references} For details, see “To reference a particular cell” (page 9-4-6) •{$} … {inputs the absolute reference command ($) into a cell} •{:} … {inputs the cell range command (:) into a cell} •{If} … {inputs the “CellIf(” S • SHT mode command} CEL •{REL} … {displays a submenu for inputting the following relational operators} 449 9-2File Operations and Re-calculation450 uTo open a fileuTo delete a file 451 uTo save a file under a new name (Save As)1. In the S • SHT mode, press 1(FILE)3(SV • AS) • This will display a dialog box for entering a fi le name 2. Enter up to eight characters for the fi le name, and then press w kAbout Auto Save kRecalculating a Formula Use the following procedure to recalculate the formulas in a spreadsheet uTo re-executeall of the formulas in a spreadsheet While the spreadsheet is on the display, press 1(FILE)4(RECAL) This will 452 9-3Basic Spreadsheet Screen Operations453 Basic Spreadsheet Screen OperationsuTo move the cell cursor using the JUMP command To move the cell cursor to Do this: here: A particular cell 1. Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)1(GO) 2. On the “Go To Cell” dialog box that appears, enter the name of the destination cell (A1 to Z999) Line 1 of current column Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)2(TOP↑) Column A of current line Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)3(TOP←) Bottom line of current column Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)4(BOT↓) Column Z of current line Press 2(EDIT)4(JUMP)5(BOT→) uSpecifying Cell Cursor Movement when Inputting Cell Data kSelecting Cells uTo select a single cell • See “Moving the Cell Cursor” (page 9-3-1)for more information 454 uTo select an entire lineuTo select an entire column uTo select all of the cells in a spreadsheet 455 uTo select a range of cells1. Move the cell cursor to the start cell of the range you want to select 2. Press !i(CLIP) This will cause the cell cursor to change from highlighting to a Selected cells are highlighted To cancel cell selection, press 456 9-4Inputting and Editing Cell Data457 uTo replace a cell’s current contents with new input1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to input data 2. Input the desired data 3. After everything is the way you want, press w If “Auto Calc” is turned on (page To cancel data input, press uTo edit the current contents of a cell 1. Move the cell cursor to the cell where you want to edit data •This will display the contents of the cell, fl ush right, in the edit box 458 2. Press 2(EDIT)3(CELL)3. Edit the data in the edit box 4. After everything is the way you want, press w kInputting a Formula •Values •Mathematical expressions •Cell references •Calculator built-infunction commands (page 2-4-1) •S • SHT mode commands (page 9-5-1) 459 uFormula Input ExampleuTo input formulas 460 kUsing Cell ReferencesRelative Cell References Absolute Cell References This cell reference: Does this: 461 kReferencing a Particular CelluTo reference a particular cell 1. Move the cell cursor to cell A2, and then input !.(=) 2. Press 1(GRAB) To move the cell cursor to here: A specifi c cell 2(GO) 3(TOP↑) 4(TOP←) 5(BOT↓) 6(BOT→) 3. Press f to move the cell cursor to cell A1 4. Press 1(SET) • This inputs the reference to cell A1 462 kReferencing a Range of CellsuTo reference a range of cells 463 5. Press !i(CLIP)You can use the function menu keys 7. To register the range of cells, press 1(SET) •This will input the cell range (A6:B7) 8. Press w to store the formula Indicates the sum of the values in cells A6 through B7 464 kInputting the Absolute Reference Symbol ($)uTo input the absolute reference symbol Example To input =$A$1 into cell C1 465 kInputting a ConstantConstant Displayed Result 7+3 sin sin X+1 *1 AX *1*2 dim {1,2,3} 1=0 1>0 Syntax ERROR {1,2,3} 466 kInputting TextkGenerating a Numeric Sequence in a Spreadsheet uTo generate a numeric sequence in a spreadsheet following parameters 467 3. Enter the required items to generate the sequence• The following describes the required input items Item Expr Function f(x) for generating the sequence Var Name of the variable in the function f(x) Even if a function has only one variable, its name must be defi ned here The starting value (Start), ending value (End) and pitch (Incre) of the values assigned to the variable specifi ed by Var Specifying Start: 1, End: 15, and Incre: 7, for example, will generate a Incre sequence by assigning the following values to the variable: 1, 8 4. After inputting data for all the items, press 6(EXE) or the w key 468 kFilling a Range of Cells with the Same ContentuTo fill a range of cells with the same content 469 4. Press w5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key =A1+1 =B1+1 =A2+1 =B2+1 470 kCut and PasteuHow cut and paste affects cell references Let’s say we have a spreadsheet that contains the following data: A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: =B1+2 Cut B1:C1 (left screen) and paste the data in B2:C2 (right screen) reference) into cell C2 471 A1: 4, B1: =A1+1, C1: = $B$1+2uTo cut and paste spreadsheet data 1. Select the cell(s) you want to cut See “To select a single cell” (page 2. Press 2(EDIT)1(CUT) This selects the data and enters the paste mode, which causes the You can exit the paste mode at any time during the following steps by pressing 472 4. Press 1(PASTE)kCopy and Paste uTo copy and paste spreadsheet data 1. Select the cell(s) you want to copy 2. Press 2(EDIT)2(COPY) 474 kSorting Spreadsheet DatauTo sort spreadsheet data kDeleting and Inserting Cells uTo delete an entire line or column of cells 475 uTo delete the contents of all the cells in a spreadsheet476 uTo insert lines or columns of blank cells2. Press 4(INS) to display the INS submenu 3. Use the INS submenu to perform the operation you want To exit the INS submenu without inserting anything, press kClearing Cell Contents uTo clear cell contents 1. Select the cell(s) whose contents you want to clear 2. Press 5(CLR) • This will clear the contents of the currently selected cells 477 9-5S • SHT Mode Commands481 9-6Statistical Graphs482 kConfiguring Graph Parameter SettingsuXCellRange (range x-axisdata cells) Cell uYCellRange (range y-axisdata cells) uFrequency (number of times a value occurs) 483 kGraphing Statistical DatauTo graph statistical data Example: Input the following data into a spreadsheet, and then draw a scatter diagram Height Shoe Size 1. Input the statistical data into a spreadsheet •Here, we will input the above data into the cell range A1:B5 2. Select the cell ranges you want to graph • Here we will select the range A1:B5 3. Press 6(g)1(GRPH) to display the GRPH submenu 4. Press 6(SET) 485 kConfiguring Range Settings for Graph Data CellsuTo change the XCellRange and YCellRange settings manually 1. Press 6(SET) on the GRPH submenu to display the graph settings screen 2. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to XCellRange 3. Press 1(CELL) or simply input something •The function menu will change to the colon (:) 4. Input or edit the cell range • To input the colon, press 1(:) 6. After all the settings are the way you want, press J 486 kConfiguring the Frequency SettinguTo specify the frequency of each data item 487 9-7Using the CALC Function491 9-8Using Memory in the S • SHT Mode492 kSaving Spreadsheet Data to List MemoryuTo save the contents of a range of cells to List Memory 1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in List Memory 2. Press 6(g)3(STO)2(LIST) •The “Cell Range” setting will show the range of cells you selected in step 3. Press c to move the highlighting to “List [1~26]” 4. Enter a list number in the range of 1 to 26, and then press w 5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the List Memory kSaving Spreadsheet Data to File Memory The following shows how spreadsheet data in the range of A1:C3 is saved to File File6 List1 List2 List3 Spreadsheet 493 uTo save the contents of a range of cells to File Memory1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in File Memory 2. Press 6(g)3(STO)3(FILE) 3. Press c to move the highlighting to “File [1~6]” 4. Enter a fi le number in the range of 1 to 6, and then press w 5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the File Memory kSaving Spreadsheet Data to Mat Memory uTo save the contents of a range of cells to Mat Memory 1. Select the range of cells whose data you want to save in Mat Memory 2. Press 6(g)3(STO)4(MAT) 3. Press c to move the highlighting to “Mat Name” 4. Input the Mat Memory name (A to Z) where you want to save the data 5. Press 6(EXE) or the w key to save the data in the Mat Memory 494 kRecalling Data from MemorykRecalling Data from List Memory uTo recall data from a List Memory to a spreadsheet 495 uTo recall data from a File Memory to a spreadsheetuTo recall data from a Mat Memory to a spreadsheet uTo use a variable in a spreadsheet 496 eActivity497 10-1eActivity Overview505 10-2Working with eActivity Files506 • This will open the file2. Use f and c to highlight the file you want to delete, and then press 3(DEL) uTo search for a file 1. While the file list screen is displayed, press 4(SRC) • This displays a file search dialog box 2. Enter part or all of the name of the file you want to find The message “Not Found” will appear if a match cannot be found. Press the 507 10-3Inputting and Editing eActivity File Data508 kNavigating around the eActivity Workspace ScreenuTo scroll the eActivity workspace screen vertically uTo jump to the top or the bottom of the eActivity workspace screen kUsing a Text Line uTo input into a text line 509 uTo change the current line into a text lineuTo insert a text line Perform this key operation: located here: 510 uInputting and Editing Text Line ContentsYou can input a carriage return into a text line by pressing If the text is wrapped into multiple lines, pressing the kUsing Math Lines •You can input stop lines in an eActivity 511 uTo input a calculation formula into an eActivity•“To change the current line into a math line” below •“To insert a math line” (page 10-3-6) 2. Input the expression Example: s$!E(π)cg •“Inputting and Editing Math Line Contents” (page 10-3-6) 3. To obtain the result of the calculation and display it, press w uTo change the current line into a math line 2. Press 3(TEXT) to change the text line to a math line This will cause the 3 key menu to change to “CALC” 512 uTo insert a math lineTo insert a math line while the cursor is 5(INS)2(CALC) 6(g)3(INS)2(CALC) 3(INS)2(CALC) uInputting and Editing Math Line Contents kUsing Stop Lines automatically uTo insert a stop line To insert a stop line while the cursor is 5(INS)3(STOP) 6(g)3(INS)3(STOP) 3(INS)3(STOP) 513 These math lines are not required to test various values forSubstituting a value will produce a result of If we wanted to test various values for and press , the calculator will re-calculate (sin + (cos and then stop Stop Line Example 514 kInserting a StripTitle Field Screen Name Field You can input a strip title up to 16 characters long that the strip contains 515 uTo insert a stripWhen you want to embed this type of data: Select this type of strip: 516 DYNA mode Dynamic Graph screenDynamic Graph TVM mode Financial screen Financial S • SHT mode Spreadsheet screen SpreadSheet The text cursor will also appear if you start to input text without pressing 6. Press w to assign the title to the strip 517 uTo change the title of a strip518 uTo call up an application from a strip2. Press w •Also see “Practical Strip Examples” (page 10-3-13)for more information Press !a(') 519 Press !,(,)On the application list that appears, use kPractical Strip Examples uGraph Strip Example This example shows how to create a Graph strip to graph the function y Things to remember uTo create a Graph strip • This will insert a Graph strip 2. Input the strip title, and then press w • Here we will input “Graph draw” 520 3. Press w to call up the graph screen5. Input the function you want to graph (Y1 = X2 in this example) 6. Press 6(DRAW) to graph the function 7. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(') 8. Press w again to call up the graph screen • This will re-graphthe function you input in step 521 uTable Editor Strip ExampleuTo create a Table Editor strip 522 8. Call up the List Editor screen (page 6-1-1)9. Input the values into List 10. Return to the Table Editor screen 11. When the Table Editor screen appears, press w This generates the number table for the function 12. To return to the eActivity workspace screen, press !a(') kUsing Copy and Paste to Draw a Graph 523 uTo use copy and paste to draw a graph2. Press 3(INS)1(TEXT) to input a text line 3. Enter the following expression into the text line: Y = X2 – See “To specify the copy range” (page •This will graph the function currently stored in “Graph draw ” strip memory 6. Press !j(PASTE) •This will graph the function that is on the clipboard (Y = X2 – 1) • This will re-graphthe function currently stored in “Graph draw” strip memory 524 kUsing NotesYou can perform the following operations on a Notes screen u Input and edit text u Copy and paste text uNotes Screen Function Menu The following describes the function menu of the Notes screen •{DEL • L} … {deletes the line where the cursor is located} MATH 525 kDeleting an eActivity Line or StripuTo delete a line or strip 2. Press 6(g)2(DEL • L) 526 kSaving an eActivity FileuTo replace the existing file with the new version On the eActivity workspace screen, press 1(FILE)1(SAVE) 1. Press 1(FILE)2(SV • AS) 2. Enter up to eight characters for the eActivity file name, and then press w 527 10-4Using Matrix Editor and List Editor528 kCalling Up List EditoruTo call up List Editor To call up List Editor while the cursor is 6(g)6(g)2('LIST) 6(g)4('LIST) uTo return to the eActivity workspace screen from List Editor uTo use List Editor 529 10-5eActivity File Memory Usage Screen530 10-6eActivity Guide547 System Settings Menu556 Data Communications591 Appendix592 1 Error Message Table596 2 Input Ranges597 α-2-2x2 + y2 < 1 ⋅ |r| < 1 ⋅ However, for tanθ : (DEG) |θ| < 9 ⋅ (109)° |θ| ≠ 90(2n+1): DEG (RAD) |θ| < 5 ⋅ 107π rad |θ| ≠ π/2(2n+1): RAD (GRA) |θ| < 1 ⋅ 1010grad |θ| ≠ 100(2n+1): GRA |a|, b, c < 1 ⋅ 0 < b, c Sexagesimal display: x > 0: –1 ⋅ 10100 < y logx x = 0 : y x < 0 : y = n, ––––m 2n+1 (m, n are integers) However; –1 ⋅ 10100 < y log |x| y > 0 : x ≠ –1 ⋅ 10100 logy y = 0 : x (m ≠ 0; m, n are integers) –1 ⋅ 10 < x log |y| Total of integer, numerator ab/c and denominator must be within 10 digits (includes division marks) 598 Input range
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