Glossary
GLOSSARY
2:2 pull-down
Theprocess of transferring 24-frames/sec film format into video by repeating each frame (used for PAL DVD’s) as two video fields.
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3:2 pull-down
Method used to map the 24 fps of film onto the 30 fps (60 fields) or 25 fps (50 fields), so that one film frame occupies three video
fields, the next two, etc. It means the two fields of every other video frame come from different film frames making operations
such as rotoscoping impossible, and requiring care in editing. Some sophisticated equipment can unravel the 3:2 sequence to
allowframe-by-frame treatment and subsequently re-compose 3:2. The3:2 sequence repeats every five video frames and four film
frames, the latter identified as A-D. Only film frame A is fully on a video frame and so exists at one time code only,making it th e
editable point of the video sequence.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ANSI 73.11
Americanpow er plugto connect the power cord to the wall outlet.
Artefacts
Undesirable elements or defects in a video picture. These may occur naturally in the video process and must be eliminated in
orderto achieve a high-quality picture. Mostc ommon inanalog are crosscolor and cross luminance. Mostcommon in digital are
macroblocks, which resemble pixelationof the video image.
Aspect ratio
horizontal& ve rticaldim ension in which the window will be displayed, e.g. 4 by 3 or 16 by 9.
CEE7
European power plug to connectthe power cord to the wall outlet.
Chrominance
Thecolor co mponent of a video signal that includes information about tint and saturation.
ColorSpace
Thecolor range between specified references. Typicallyreferences are quoted in television: RG B, Y,R-Y, B-Y,YIQ, YUV and Hue
Saturation and Luminance (HSL). In print, Cyan, Magenta, Yellowand Black (CMYK) are used. Movingpictures between th ese is
possible but requires careful attention to the accuracy of processing involved. Operating across the media--print, film and TV, as
wellas between computers andTV equipment--will require conversions in color space.
Color temperature
Colortemperature is measured in degrees Kelvin.If a TV has a color temperature of 8,000 degrees Kelvin, that means the whites
havethe same shade as a piece of pure carbon heated to t hat temperature. Low color temperatures have a shift towards red; high
color temperatures have a shift towards blue.
Component video
Avideo system containing three separate color component signals, either red/green/blue (RGB) or chroma/color difference (YCbCr,
YPbPr, YUV), in analog or digital form.
Component Video
In Component Video the term component describes a number of elements that are needed to make up the video picture, these
componentsare PR/Y/PB. A composite video signal on the other hand contains all the information needed for the color picture in a
single channel of information
Composite Video
Luminanceand chrom inance are combined along with the timingreference " sync" information using one of the coding standards--
NTSC,PAL or SECAM--to make composite video. Most televisions and VCRs have composite video connectors, which are usually
colored yellow.
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