d

dc(1)

dc(1)

NAME

dc - desk calculator

SYNOPSIS

dc [ ®le ]

DESCRIPTION

dc is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package. Ordinarily it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an input base, output base, and a number of fractional digits to be maintained. (See bc(1), a preprocessor for dc that provides in®x notation and a C-like syntax that implements functions. bc also provides reasonable control structures for programs.) The overall structure of dc is a stacking (reverse Pol- ish) calculator. If an argument is given, input is taken from that ®le until its end, then from the standard input. An end of ®le on standard input or the q command stop dc. The following constructions are recog- nized:

number The value of the number is pushed on the stack. A number is an unbroken string of the digits 0-9or A-F. It can be preceded by an underscore (_) to input a negative number. Numbers can contain decimal points.

+ - / * % Ã

The top two values on the stack are added (+), subtracted (-), multiplied (*), divided (/), remaindered (%), or exponentiated (Ã). The two entries are popped off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in their place. Any fractional part of an exponent is ignored and a warning generated. The remainder is calculated according to the current scale factor; it is not the integer modulus function. 7 % 3 yields .1 (one tenth) if scale is 1 because 7 / 3 is 2.3 with .1 as the remainder.

sx

The top of the stack is popped and stored into a register named x, where x can be any

 

character. If the s is capitalized, x is treated as a stack and the value is pushed on it.

lx

The value in register x is pushed on the stack. Register x is not altered. All registers

 

start with zero value. If the l is capitalized, register x is treated as a stack and its

 

top value is popped onto the main stack.

dThe top value on the stack is duplicated.

pThe top value on the stack is printed. The top value remains unchanged. P inter- prets the top of the stack as an ASCII string, removes it, and prints it.

fAll values on the stack are printed.

qexits the program. If executing a string, the recursion level is popped by two. If q is capitalized, the top value on the stack is popped and the string execution level is popped by that value.

xtreats the top element of the stack as a character string and executes it as a string of dc commands.

Xreplaces the number on the top of the stack with its scale factor.

[ ... ]

 

puts the bracketed ASCII string onto the top of the stack. Strings can be nested by

 

 

using nested pairs of brackets.

<x

>x

=x

!<x

!>x

!=x

 

 

The top two elements of the stack are popped and compared. Register x is evaluated

 

 

if they obey the stated relation.

vReplaces the top element on the stack by its square root. Any existing fractional part of the argument is taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is ignored.

!Interprets the rest of the line as an HP-UXsystem command (unless the next charac- ter is <, >, or =, in which case appropriate relational operator above is used).

cAll values on the stack are popped.

iThe top value on the stack is popped and used as the number radix for further input.

Ipushes the input base on the top of the stack.

Section 1170

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HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000