k

ksh(1)

ksh(1)

number or string. A given string is used to locate the most recent command. A negative number is used to offset the current command number. The -loption causes the commands to be listed on standard output. Otherwise, the editor program ename is invoked on a ®le containing these keyboard commands. If ename is not supplied, the value of the parameter FCEDIT (default /usr/bin/ed ) is used as the editor. Once editing has ended, the commands (if any) are executed. If last is omitted, only the command speci®ed by ®rst is used. If ®rst is not speci®ed, the default is the previous command for editing and −16 for listing. The -roption reverses the order of the commands and the -noption suppresses command numbers when listing. In the latter, the command is re-executed after the substitution old=new is performed.

fg [ job ... ] Brings each job into the foreground in the order speci®ed. If no job is speci®ed, the current job is brought into the foreground. See Jobs for a description of the format of job.

getopts optstring name [ arg ...]

Checks arg for legal options. If arg is omitted, the positional parameters are used. An option argument begins with a + or a -. An option not beginning with + or -, or the argument - - ends the options. optstring contains the letters that getopts recognizes. If a letter is followed by a :, that option is expected to have an argument. The options can be separated from the argument by blanks.

getopts places the next option letter it ®nds inside variable name each time it is invoked with a + preceding it when arg begins with a +. The index of the next arg is stored in OPTIND. The option argument, if any, gets stored in OPTARG.

 

 

A leading : in optstring causes getopts to store

the letter of an invalid option in

 

 

OPTARG, and to set name to ? for an unknown option and to : when a required option is

 

 

missing. Otherwise,

getopts prints an error message. The exit status is non-zero when

 

 

there are no more options. See also getopts(1).

 

jobs

[ -lnp] [ job ... ]

 

 

 

 

Lists information about each given job; or all active jobs if job is omitted. The -loption

 

 

lists process ids in addition to the normal information. The -noption only displays jobs

 

 

that have stopped or exited since last noti®ed. The

-poption causes only the process

 

 

group to be listed. See Jobs for a description of the format of job.

kill

[ -sig ]

process ...

 

 

 

 

Sends either the TERM (terminate) signal or the speci®ed signal to the speci®ed jobs or

 

 

processes. Signals are given either by number or name (as given in signal(5), stripped of

 

 

the pre®x SIG). The signal names are listed by kill

-l. No default exists; merely typ-

 

 

ing kill does not affect the current job. If the signal being sent is TERM (terminate) or

 

 

HUP (hangup), the job or process is sent a CONT (continue) signal when stopped. The pro-

 

 

cess argument can be either a process ID or job. If the ®rst argument to kill is a nega-

 

 

tive integer, it is interpreted as a sig argument and not as a process group. See also kill(1).

let arg ...

Each arg is a separate arithmetic expression to be evaluated. See Arithmetic Evaluation

 

 

above, for a description of arithmetic expression evaluation. The exit status is 0 if the value

 

 

of the last expression is non-zero, and 1 otherwise.

 

% newgrp [ arg ... ]

 

 

 

 

Equivalent to exec

newgrp arg ....

 

print[ -Rnprsu[ n ] ] [ arg ... ]

 

 

 

 

The shell output mechanism. With no options or with option - or - - the arguments are

 

 

printed on standard output as described by echo(1).

Raw mode, -Ror -r, ignores the

 

 

escape conventions of echo. The -Roption prints all subsequent arguments and options

 

 

other than -n. The

-poption causes the arguments to be written onto the pipe of the pro-

 

 

cess spawned with & instead of standard output. The

-soption causes the arguments to

 

 

be written onto the history ®le instead of standard output. The -uoption can be used to

 

 

specify a one-digit ®le descriptor unit number n on which the output is to be placed. The

 

 

default is 1. If the option -nis used, no new-line character is added to the output.

pwd [ -L⏐-P ]

With no arguments prints the current working directory (equivalent to print -r -

 

 

 

 

$PWD). The -Loption (default) preserves the logical meaning of the current directory and

 

 

-Ppreserves the physical meaning of the current directory if it is a symbolic link. See the

 

 

special cd command, cd(1), ln(1)), and pwd(1).

 

Section 1−408

 

− 13 −

HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000