Motion of the Stars

The daily motion of the Sun across the sky is familiar to even the most casual observer. This daily trek is not the Sun moving as early astronomers thought, but the result of the Earth's rotation. The Earth's rotation also causes the stars to do the same, scribing out a large circle as the Earth completes one rotation. The size of the circular path a star follows depends on where it is in the sky. Stars near the celestial equator form the largest circles rising in the east and setting in the west. Moving toward the north celestial pole, the point around which the stars in the northern hemisphere appear to rotate, these circles become smaller. Stars in the mid-celestial latitudes rise in the northeast and set in the northwest. Stars at high celestial latitudes are always above the horizon, and are said to be circumpolar because they never rise and never set. You will never see the stars complete one circle because the sunlight during the day washes out the starlight. However, part of this circular motion of stars in this region of the sky can be seen by setting up a camera on a tripod and opening the shutter for a couple hours. The processed film will reveal semicircles that revolve around the pole. (This description of stellar motions also applies to the southern hemisphere except all stars south of the celestial equator move around the south celestial pole.)

Figure 5-2

All stars appear to rotate around the celestial poles. However, the appearance of this motion varies depending on where you are looking in the sky. Near the north celestial pole the stars scribe out recognizable circles centered on the pole (1). Stars near the celestial equator also follow circular paths around the pole. But, the complete path is interrupted by the horizon.

These appear to rise in the east and set in the west (2). Looking toward the opposite pole, stars

curve or arc in the opposite direction scribing a circle around the opposite pole (3).

C5-S, C9-S, C8-S specifications

Celestron, a leader in the field of amateur and professional astronomy, offers a range of telescopes ideal for both novices and experienced stargazers. Among their most celebrated models are the C8-S, C5-S, and C9.25-S, each designed with unique features and technologies that enhance the observational experience.

The Celestron C8-S is an iconic telescope known for its 8-inch aperture. This Schmidt-Cassegrain design combines a compact form factor with a powerful light-gathering capability, making it perfect for deep-sky observing. Its optical tube has a focal length of 2032mm, providing an excellent balance of wide field viewing and high magnification. The C8-S features Celestron's StarBright XLT optical coating, enhancing light transmission and contrast, ensuring that even faint objects are visible. With compatibility for various accessories and a sturdy mount, the C8-S stands as a versatile option for different observing styles.

Moving to the C5-S, this model boasts a 5-inch aperture while maintains a compact and portable design. It is particularly popular among travelers and casual astronomers who value convenience without compromising on quality. The C5-S also employs the Schmidt-Cassegrain design, providing sharp images and improved color correction. With its shorter focal length of 1250mm, the C5-S excels in both planetary and deep-sky observation. The telescope's lightweight build makes it easy to transport, while the integrated optical systems ensure a clear view of celestial objects.

The C9.25-S represents a step up in performance, featuring a 9.25-inch aperture that captures more light than its smaller counterparts. This telescope offers a versatile focal length of 2350mm, allowing for impressive high-power planetary views, as well as detailed observations of deep-sky objects. The C9.25-S utilizes a unique StarBright XLT coating and features advanced optics that minimize optical distortion, resulting in sharp, high-contrast images. It is equipped with a sturdy mount that ensures stability during extended observation sessions.

All three models are compatible with Celestron's advanced computer-driven mount systems, allowing for effortless tracking and alignment. With built-in features such as GoTo technology, users can easily locate thousands of celestial objects with the touch of a button. This combination of advanced optics, portability, and user-friendly technology makes the Celestron C8-S, C5-S, and C9.25-S excellent choices for anyone looking to explore the cosmos more deeply. Whether for casual stargazing or serious astronomical study, these telescopes deliver exceptional performance to meet a variety of needs.