Cisco Systems 15310-MA Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID, Spanning-Tree Timers

Page 72

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

STP Features

BPDUs contain information about the sending switch and its ports, including switch and MAC addresses, switch priority, port priority, and path cost. Spanning tree uses this information to elect the root switch and root port for the switched network and the root port and designated port for each switched segment.

Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID

The IEEE 802.1D standard requires that each switch has an unique bridge identifier (bridge ID), which determines the selection of the root switch. Because each VLAN is considered as a different

logical bridge with PVST+, the same switch must have as many different bridge IDs as VLANs configured on it. Each VLAN on the switch has a unique 8-byte bridge ID; the two most-significant bytes are used for the switch priority, and the remaining six bytes are derived from the switch MAC address.

The ML-Series card supports the IEEE 802.1T spanning-tree extensions, and some of the bits previously used for the switch priority are now used as the bridge ID. The result is that fewer MAC addresses are reserved for the switch, and a larger range of VLAN IDs can be supported, all while maintaining the uniqueness of the bridge ID. As shown in Table 6-1, the two bytes previously used for the switch priority are reallocated into a 4-bit priority value and a 12-bit extended system ID value equal to the bridge ID. In earlier releases, the switch priority is a 16-bit value.

Table 6-1

 

Switch Priority Value and Extended System ID

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Switch Priority Value

 

Extended System ID (Set Equal to the Bridge ID)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bit 16

Bit 15

 

Bit 14

Bit 13

Bit 12

Bit 11

Bit 10

Bit 9

Bit 8

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32768

16384

 

8192

4096

2048

1024

512

256

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spanning tree uses the extended system ID, the switch priority, and the allocated spanning-tree MAC address to make the bridge ID unique for each VLAN.

Spanning-Tree Timers

Table 6-2describes the timers that affect the entire spanning-tree performance.

Table 6-2 Spanning-Tree Timers

Variable

Description

 

 

Hello timer

When this timer expires, the interface sends out a Hello message to the

 

neighboring nodes.

 

 

Forward-delay timer

Determines how long each of the listening and learning states last before the

 

interface begins forwarding.

 

 

Maximum-age timer

Determines the amount of time the switch stores protocol information

 

received on an interface.

 

 

Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide R8.5

6-4

78-18133-01

 

 

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Page 71 Page 73
Contents Americas Headquarters Text Part NumberCopyright 2007-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved RPR Startup Configuration File Configuring POS Interface Framing Mode IiiUnderstanding VLANs Configuring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS Channel IP ACLs Role of Sonet Circuits ViiConfiguration Guidelines ViiiUsing Technical Support C-1 Page 11-3 11-411-5 11-714-13 14-1714-18 14-2210-5 10-611-11 11-1213-3 17-717-8 Preface Revision HistoryThis section provides the following information DateDocument Objectives AudienceRelated Documentation Document Conventions Convention ApplicationBoldface ItalicBewaar Deze Instructies Warnung Wichtige SicherheitshinweiseAvvertenza Importanti Istruzioni Sulla Sicurezza Aviso Instruções Importantes DE SegurançaPage GEM Disse Anvisninger Viii Where to Find Safety and Warning Information Obtaining Optical Networking InformationCisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM Page Overview of the ML-Series Card ML-Series Card DescriptionML-Series Feature List IRBBundling the two POS ports LEX encapsulation only Key ML-Series Features Cisco IOSGFP-F Framing Cisco IOS Release 12.228SVLink Aggregation FEC and POS RmonTL1 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTCML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons RefreshDisplaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC Button DescriptionML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons CTC Displaying Sonet Alarms Displaying J1 Path TraceProvisioning Sonet Circuits 78-18133-01 Page Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card Hardware InstallationCisco IOS on the ML-Series Card Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTC Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot NumberTelnetting to a Management Port CTC Node View Showing IP AddressConnecting a PC or Terminal to the Console Port ML-Series IOS CLI Console PortRJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter RJ-11 Pin RJ-45 PinStartup Configuration File Passwords Configuring the Management PortCommand Purpose Router enableConfiguring the Hostname NvramLoading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC Click the IOS startup config buttonCisco IOS Command Modes Database Restore of the Startup Configuration FileMode What You Use It For How to Access Prompt Enter the configure terminalInterface fastethernet 0 for Enter the line consoleUsing the Command Modes Router# configure ?Exit Getting HelpPage Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card General Interface GuidelinesMAC Addresses Interface Port ID MLSeries# show interfaces fastethernetBasic Interface Configuration MLSeries# configure terminalMLSeriesconfig# interface fastethernet number Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration Configuring the Fast Ethernet InterfacesConfiguring the POS Interfaces Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces HdlcExample 4-3 show controller Command Output FCRExample 4-4 show run interface Command Output Daytona# show run interface fastethernetConfiguring POS on the ML-Series Card Understanding POS on the ML-Series CardAvailable Circuit Sizes and Combinations J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms Lcas SupportCcat High Order Vcat High Order Mbps STS-1 STS-1-1v STS-1-2vConfiguring the POS Interface Encapsulations LEX default Cisco HdlcCRC Sizes Bit default None FCS disabled GFP-F Framing Hdlc FramingConfiguring POS Interface Framing Mode Framing mode changes on POS ports areAllowed only when the interface is shut down AdmindownSets the framing mode employed by the ONS Not a keyword choice in the command. The noForm of the command sets the framing mode GFP default-The ML-Series card supportsSonet Alarms Configuring Sonet AlarmsConfiguring Sonet Delay Triggers All -All alarms/signalsMonitoring and Verifying POS Hdlc Page Configuring STP and Rstp on the ML-Series Card STP FeaturesThese sections describe how the spanning-tree features work STP Overview Supported STP InstancesBridge Protocol Data Units Election of the Root Switch Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID Spanning-Tree TimersSwitch Priority Value BitCreating the Spanning-Tree Topology Spanning-Tree Interface StatesBlocking State Spanning-Tree Interface StatesDisabled State Listening StateLearning State Forwarding StateSpanning-Tree Address Management STP and Ieee 802.1Q TrunksSpanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity Rstp Features Accelerated Aging to Retain ConnectivitySupported Rstp Instances Port Roles and the Active Topology Is Port IncludedPort State Comparison Rapid Convergence Synchronization of Port Roles Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid ConvergenceBridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing Bit FunctionRstp Bpdu Flags Topology Changes Processing Superior Bpdu InformationProcessing Inferior Bpdu Information Configuring STP and Rstp Features Interoperability with Ieee 802.1D STPDefault STP and Rstp Configuration Feature Default SettingDisabling STP and Rstp Configuring the Root Switch Configuring the Port PriorityPort-channel-number Configuring the Path Cost Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge GroupConfiguring the Hello Time Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge GroupVerifying and Monitoring STP and Rstp Status Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree Status Example 6-1 show spanning-tree CommandsDisplays detailed STP or Rstp information Displays brief summary of STP or Rstp informationPage Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card Understanding VLANsConfiguring Ieee 802.1Q Vlan Encapsulation Ieee 802.1Q Vlan Configuration Returns to privileged Exec modeOptional Saves your configuration changes to MLSeriesconfig-subif# endBridging Ieee 802.1Q VLANs Example 7-2 Output for show vlans Command Monitoring and Verifying Vlan OperationML-Series#show vlans Page Understanding Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network FCS Configuring Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other FeaturesConfiguring an Ieee 802.1Q Tunneling Port Untagged will be switched based on this bridge-group. Other Displays the tunnel ports on the switchOptional Saves your entries in the configuration file Ieee 802.1Q ExampleVLAN-Transparent Services VLAN-Specific Services Example 8-2 MLSeries B ConfigurationVLAN-Transparent Service Versus VLAN-Specific Services Example 8-3 ML-Series Card a Configuration Example 8-3applies to ML-Series card aExample 8-4 ML-Series Card B Configuration Example 8-5 ML-Series Card C ConfigurationExample 8-4applies to ML-Series card B Example 8-5applies to ML-Series card CConfiguring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Understanding Layer 2 Protocol TunnelingDefault Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Configuration Guidelines2shows the default Layer 2 protocol tunneling configuration Default Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling ConfigurationConfiguring Layer 2 Tunneling on a Port Configuring Layer 2 Tunneling Per-VLAN Monitoring and Verifying Tunneling StatusConfiguring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Card Understanding Link AggregationConfiguring Link Aggregation Configuring Fast EtherChannelEtherChannel Configuration Example Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration GuideConfiguring POS Channel Configure one POS channel on the ML-Series cardCreates the POS channel interface. You can Assigns an IP address and subnet mask to the POSPOS Channel Configuration Example Configuring Encapsulation over EtherChannel or POS Channel Understanding Encapsulation over FEC or POS ChannelConfiguration mode and enable other Supported interface commands to meetExample 9-5 MLSeries a Configuration Encapsulation over EtherChannel ExampleExample 9-6 MLSeries B Configuration Monitoring and Verifying EtherChannel and POSLoad Balancing on the ML-Series cards For the FrameXOR Result Port Channel PortUsed Member Interface forFrame EtherChannelSecond FirstThird FourthUsed Member Configuring IRB on the ML-Series Card Cisco IOS Command Reference publicationUnderstanding Integrated Routing and Bridging This chapter includes the following major sectionsConfiguring IRB 10-2IRB Configuration Example 10-3Example 10-1 Configuring MLSeries a Example 10-2 Configuring MLSeries BMonitoring and Verifying IRB 10-410-5 Field Description 10-6Configuring Quality of Service on the ML-Series Card 11-1IP Precedence and Differentiated Services Code Point Understanding QoSPriority Mechanism in IP and Ethernet 11-2Ethernet CoS 11-3ML-Series QoS Classification11-4 Policing Marking and Discarding with a Policer11-5 Queuing Scheduling11-6 Control Packets and L2 Tunneled Protocols 11-7Egress Priority Marking Ingress Priority MarkingQinQ Implementation 11-8QoS on RPR Flow Control Pause and QoS11-9 Configuring QoS Creating a Traffic Class11-10 Creating a Traffic Policy 11-11Syntax of the class command is Policy-map policy-nameno policy-map policy-nameClass class-map-name no class class-map-name Maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters11-13 Command 11-14Attaching a Traffic Policy to an Interface 11-15Monitoring and Verifying QoS Configuration Configuring CoS-Based QoSDisplays all configured traffic policies Traffic classQoS Configuration Examples 11-17Traffic Classes Defined Example Traffic Policy Created Example11-18 Example 11-6 Class Map Match All Command Example Example 11-7 Class Map Match Any Command ExampleExample 11-8 Class Map SPR Interface Command Example Match spr1 Interface ExampleExample 11-9 ML-Series VoIP Commands ML-Series VoIP ExampleML-Series Policing Example 11-20Example 11-10 ML-Series Policing Commands Routerconfig# class-map match-all policerRouterconfig# policy-map policef0 ML-Series CoS-Based QoS Example11-22 ML-Series CoS ExampleDefault Multicast QoS 11-23Configuring Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Multicast Priority Queuing QoS Restrictions11-24 11-25 QoS not Configured on Egress ML-Series Egress Bandwidth Example11-26 11-27 BandwidthUnderstanding CoS-Based Packet Statistics Fast EthernetStatistics Collected Interface Subinterface Vlan 11-28Configuring CoS-Based Packet Statistics 11-29Understanding IP SLA 11-30MLSeries# show interface fastethernet 0 cos MLSeries# show interface pos0 cosIP SLA on the ML-Series IP SLA Restrictions on the ML-Series11-31 11-32 Understanding the SDM Understanding SDM Regions12-1 Configuring SDM Configuring SDM RegionsDefault Size Lookup TypeConfiguring Access Control List Size in Tcam Task CommandMonitoring and Verifying SDM Entries12-4 Configuring Access Control Lists on ML-Series Card Understanding ACLsML-Series ACL Support 13-1IP ACLs Named IP ACLsUser Guidelines 13-2Creating IP ACLs Creating Numbered Standard and Extended IP ACLs13-3 Creating Named Standard IP ACLs Creating Named Extended IP ACLs Control Plane OnlyApplying the ACL to an Interface 13-4Controls access to an interface Modifying ACL Tcam Size13-5 Applying ACL to Interface13-6 Configuring Resilient Packet Ring on ML-Series Card Understanding RPR14-1 Role of Sonet Circuits Packet Handling Operations14-2 Ring Wrapping 14-3RPR Framing Process 14-4DA-MAC and 0x00 for Unknown DA-MAC RPR as the source14-5 RPR Frame for ML-Series CardConfiguring RPR MAC Address and Vlan SupportRPR QoS CTM and RPRConfiguring CTC Circuits for RPR CTC Circuit Configuration Example for RPR14-7 14-8 Three-Node RPR Example14-9 Configures a station ID. The user must configure a Optional Sets the RPR ring wrap mode to either wrapImmediate delayed 14-10Assigning the ML-Series Card POS Ports to the SPR Interface 14-1114-12 14-13 RPR Cisco IOS Configuration Example Example 14-1 SPR Station-ID 1 ConfigurationExample 14-2 SPR Station-ID 2 Configuration 14-14CRC Threshold Configuration and Detection Example 14-3 SPR Station-ID 3 Configuration14-15 Monitoring and Verifying RPR 14-16Example 14-4 Example of show interface spr 1 Output Example 14-5 Example of show run interface spr 1 OutputAdd an ML-Series Card into an RPR 14-1714-18 Three-Node RPR After the AdditionAdding an ML-Series Card into an RPR 14-19Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide Enables the portEndpoint of the first newly created circuit 14-20Stop. You have completed this procedure Delete an ML-Series Card from an RPREndpoint of the second newly created circuit 14-2114-22 Three-Node RPR Before the DeletionDeleting an ML-Series Card from an RPR Log into Adjacent Node 1 with CTCDouble-click the ML-Series card in Adjacent Node 14-2314-24 Configuring Cisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive Configuring Shortest Path and Topology DiscoveryCisco Proprietary RPR KeepAlive Cisco Proprietary RPR Shortest PathRedundant Interconnect Monitoring and Verifying Shortest Path andTopolgy DiscoveryRedundant Interconnect is only supported on 454 platforms 14-26Configuring Security for the ML-Series Card Understanding Security15-1 Secure Login on the ML-Series Card Disabling the Console Port on the ML-Series CardSecure Shell on the ML-Series Card Understanding SSHConfiguring SSH Configuration GuidelinesSetting Up the ML-Series Card to Run SSH This section has configuration informationConfiguring the SSH Server 15-4Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status Router # configure terminalRouter config# ip ssh version 1 Router config# ip ssh timeoutRadius Relay Mode Radius on the ML-Series Card15-6 Radius Stand Alone Mode Configuring Radius Relay Mode15-7 Configuring Radius Understanding Radius15-8 Default Radius Configuration Identifying the Radius Server Host15-9 15-10 Configuring AAA Login Authentication Router# configure terminal Enter global configuration modeRouter config# aaa new-model Enable AAA Switchconfig# radius-server host host1Router config# aaa authentication Router config# line console tty15-12 Router config# end Return to privileged Exec mode Router# show running-config Verify your entriesDefining AAA Server Groups 15-13Router config# aaa group server Router config-sg-radius# serverRouter config-sg-radius# end Router # show running-configRadius 15-15Starting Radius Accounting 15-16Configuring a nas-ip-address in the Radius Packet Configuring Settings for All Radius Servers15-17 Default is 0 the range is 1 to 1440 minutes Deadtime minutesMarked as dead, the skipping will not take place 15-18Send accounting authentication 15-19Displaying the Radius Configuration 15-20Configuring Bridging on the ML-Series Card Understanding Bridging16-1 Configuring Bridging 16-2For any statically configured forwarding entries Monitoring and Verifying Bridging16-3 Displays detailed information about spanning tree Bridge-group-number restricts the spanning tree informationTo specific bridge groups Brief displays summary information about spanning treeCE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation CE-100T-8 OverviewSonet 17-1CE-100T-8 Ethernet Features Autonegotiation, Flow Control, and Frame Buffering17-2 Ethernet Link Integrity Support 17-3Enhanced State Model for Ethernet and Sonet Ports Ieee 802.1Q CoS and IP ToS Queuing17-4 17-5 IP ToS Priority Queue MappingsCoS Priority Queue Mappings CE-100T-8 Sonet Circuits and Features Rmon and Snmp SupportStatistics and Counters 17-6Ccat High Order Vcat High Order Vcat Low Order Number of STS-3c Circuits Maximum Number of STS-1 CircuitsMaximum Number of STS-1-2v Circuits 17-7CE-100T-8 Maximum Service Densities CE-100T-8 STS/VT Allocation Tab7x=1-12 6x=1-14 5x=1-16 =1-21 17-8CE-100T-8 Vcat Characteristics 17-9CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC 17-10CE-100T-8 Loopback, J1 Path Trace, and Sonet Alarms 17-1117-12 Command Reference for the ML-Series Card Related Commands bridge-group Drpri-rstpIeee RstpRelated Commands show interface Clear countersRouter# clear counters Syntax Description Defaults Command Modes Usage Guidelines No clock autoClock summertime Clock timezoneDefaults Command Modes Interface sprNo pos mode gfp fcs-disabled Related Commands shutdownMLSeriesconfig-if # pos mode gfp fcs-disable No pos pdi holdoff time No pos report alarm Related CommandsPos trigger defects Syntax Description Defaults Related Commands pos trigger delayNon pos trigger defects condition No pos trigger delay time Time Delay time in milliseconds, 200 toDefault value is 200 milliseconds Command is 50 millisecondsNo pos vcat defect immediate delayed DelayedParameter Description ImmediateShow controller pos interface-numberdetails MLSeries# show controller pos 0 Interface POS0Related Commands show interface pos Clear counters Use this command to display the status of the POS interface Related Commands show controller pos Clear countersShow interface pos interface-number Show ons alarm MLSeries# show ons alarm78-18133-01 Eqpt StsVcg Related Commands show controller pos Show ons alarm failures MLSeries# show ons alarm defect stsMLSeries# show ons alarm failure eqpt ML-Series#show ons alarm failure portMLSeries# show ons alarm failure sts Assigns the POS interface to the SPR interface Interface spr Spr station-id Spr wrapRelated Commands interface spr No spr load-balance auto port-basedAuto Port-basedConfigures a station ID DefaultsN/AFollowing example sets an ML-Series card SPR station ID to Spr-intf-id Spr wrapSpr wrap immediate delayed Wraps RPR traffic after the carrier delay time expiresInterface spr Spr-intf-id Spr station-id Unsupported CLI Commands for the ML-Series Card Unsupported Privileged Exec CommandsUnsupported Global Configuration Commands Page Unsupported POS Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported FastEthernet Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported Port-Channel Interface Configuration Commands Unsupported BVI Interface Configuration Commands Rate-limit Random-detect Timeout Tx-ring-limitUsing Technical Support Gathering Information About Your InternetworkGetting the Data from Your ML-Series Card Providing Data to Your Technical Support Representative Page IN-5 IS,AINS IN-6IN-7 RPR Rstp SDMSSH CRCRstp STP IN-9See also framing GFP-FIN-10 Lcas IN-11POS RPR SDMIN-12 IN-13 Rmon RstpIN-14 Snmp See also BpduIN-15 Tcam VcatIN-16 Configuring as Layer 2 tunnel Configuring Ieee 802.1Q Customer numbering in service-providerSDM STP and Rstp status VTP Layer 2 protocol tunneling VtyIN-18
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15310-CL, 15310-MA specifications

Cisco Systems has established itself as a leader in the networking domain, offering a wide array of solutions to meet the needs of modern businesses. Among its impressive product lineup are the Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA routers, designed to provide advanced network performance and reliability.

The Cisco 15310-CL is a versatile platform that primarily serves as a carrier-class router aimed at supporting high-speed data and voice services. It is built to handle the demands of large enterprises and service providers, offering a robust design that ensures maximum uptime and performance. One of its standout features is its modular architecture, which enables users to customize their configurations based on specific application needs. This scalability allows for future expansion without the need for a complete hardware overhaul.

Key technologies integrated into the Cisco 15310-CL include high-density Ethernet interfaces and a comprehensive suite of Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocol support. The device is capable of supporting multiple types of connections, including TDM, ATM, and Ethernet. This flexibility makes it an ideal choice for organizations that require seamless migration between various service types. Moreover, with features such as MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) support and advanced Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms, the router ensures that critical applications receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency required for optimal performance.

In contrast, the Cisco 15310-MA focuses on access solutions, providing a cost-effective entry point for businesses looking to enhance their network capabilities. It is well-suited for smaller offices or branch locations that need reliable connectivity without the expense and complexity associated with larger systems. The device supports a range of access methods and provides essential features like firewall capabilities, VPN support, and comprehensive security measures to protect sensitive data.

Both models benefit from Cisco's commitment to security and manageability, offering features like enhanced encryption protocols and user authentication mechanisms that help safeguard networks against threats. Additionally, they can be managed through Cisco’s intuitive software tools, simplifying configuration and monitoring tasks for IT administrators.

The Cisco 15310-CL and 15310-MA are ideal solutions for businesses seeking to enhance their network infrastructure, ensuring firms can keep pace with evolving technology demands while maintaining a focus on security and performance. Their combination of advanced features, modular capabilities, and robust support makes them valuable assets in the networking landscape.
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