Citrix Systems 4.2 VM Lifecycle, Monitor VMs for Max Capacity, Install Required Tools and Drivers

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Chapter 11. Working With Virtual Machines

11.2.1. Monitor VMs for Max Capacity

The CloudPlatform administrator should monitor the total number of VM instances in each cluster, and disable allocation to the cluster if the total is approaching the maximum that the hypervisor can handle. Be sure to leave a safety margin to allow for the possibility of one or more hosts failing, which would increase the VM load on the other hosts as the VMs are automatically redeployed. Consult the documentation for your chosen hypervisor to find the maximum permitted number of VMs per host, then use CloudPlatform global configuration settings to set this as the default limit. Monitor the VM activity in each cluster at all times. Keep the total number of VMs below a safe level that allows for the occasional host failure. For example, if there are N hosts in the cluster, and you want to allow for one host in the cluster to be down at any given time, the total number of VM instances you can permit in the cluster is at most (N-1) * (per-host-limit). Once a cluster reaches this number of VMs, use the CloudPlatform UI to disable allocation of more VMs to the cluster.

11.2.2. Install Required Tools and Drivers

Be sure the following are installed on each VM:

•For XenServer, install PV drivers and Xen tools on each VM. This will enable live migration and clean guest shutdown. Xen tools are required in order for dynamic CPU and RAM scaling to work.

•For vSphere, install VMware Tools on each VM. This will enable console view to work properly. VMware Tools are required in order for dynamic CPU and RAM scaling to work.

To be sure that Xen tools or VMware Tools is installed, use one of the following techniques:

•Create each VM from a template that already has the tools installed; or,

•When registering a new template, the administrator or user can indicate whether tools are installed on the template. This can be done through the UI or using the updateTemplate API; or,

•If a user deploys a virtual machine with a template that does not have Xen tools or VMware Tools, and later installs the tools on the VM, then the user can inform CloudPlatform using the updateVirtualMachine API. After installing the tools and updating the virtual machine, stop and start the VM.

11.3. VM Lifecycle

Virtual machines can be in the following states:

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Contents Page Page User Services Overview Getting More Information and HelpConcepts Cloud Infrastructure ConceptsService Offerings Setting Up Networking for UsersSteps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Working With Virtual Machines Working With Hosts 103Working with Templates 113 Working With Storage 129Working with Usage 141 Managing Networks and Traffic 147Page Tuning 249 Troubleshooting 251Working with System Virtual Machines 229 System Reliability and High Availability 233Event Types 259 Alerts 261 Getting More Information and Help Additional Documentation AvailableCitrix Knowledge Center Contacting Support ChapterPage What Is CloudPlatform? ConceptsWhat Can CloudPlatform Do? Multiple Hypervisor SupportDeployment Architecture Overview Management Server Overview Cloud Infrastructure OverviewNetworking Overview More InformationPage Page Cloud Infrastructure Concepts About RegionsAbout Zones Cloud Infrastructure Concepts About Pods About Clusters About Hosts About Primary StorageAbout Secondary Storage About Physical NetworksBasic Zone Network Traffic Types Basic Zone Guest IP Addresses Advanced Zone Network Traffic TypesAdvanced Zone Guest IP Addresses Advanced Zone Public IP Addresses System Reserved IP AddressesAll zones A zone that uses advanced networkingPage Accounts Accounts, Users, and DomainsHow to Use Dedicated Hosts Dedicating Resources to Accounts and DomainsBehavior of Dedicated Hosts, Clusters, Pods, and Zones Using an Ldap Server for User Authentication Configuring an Ldap ServerAdding an Ldap Server Trust Store Trust Store Password Example Ldap Configuration Commands Removing an Ldap ConfigurationSearch Base Query Filter Active DirectoryApacheDS SSL Keystore Path and Password Search User Bind DNPage User Services Overview Page User Interface Supported BrowsersLog In to the UI End Users UI OverviewRoot Administrators UI Overview Logging In as the Root AdministratorUsing SSH Keys for Authentication Changing the Root PasswordCreating an Instance from a Template that Supports SSH Keys Output is something similar to what is given below Creating the SSH KeypairLogging In Using the SSH Keypair Resetting SSH KeysCreating an Instance Page Using Projects to Organize Users and Resources Configuring ProjectsSetting Up Invitations Overview of ProjectsSetting Resource Limits for Projects Setting Project Creator PermissionsCreating a New Project Adding Members to a ProjectSending Project Membership Invitations Accepting a Membership Invitation Adding Project Members From the UIUsing the Project View Suspending or Deleting a ProjectPage Steps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Overview of Provisioning StepsFirst Region The Default Region Adding Regions optionalAdding a Region Adding Third and Subsequent Regions Deleting a Region Adding a Zone Create a Secondary Storage Mount Point for the New ZonePrepare the System VM Template Steps to Add a New Zone Basic Zone Configuration Network Offering DescriptionSteps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Page Advanced Zone Configuration Page Steps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Page NFS Adding a Pod VmfsAdding a Cluster Add Cluster KVM or XenServerAdd Cluster OVM Add Cluster vSphere VMware Cluster Size LimitAdding a vSphere Cluster Steps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Page Adding a Host Adding a Host XenServer, KVM, or OVMRequirements for XenServer, KVM, and OVM Hosts Warning Adding a XenServer, KVM, or OVM Host KVM Host Additional RequirementsAdding Primary Storage Adding a Host vSphereAdding Secondary Storage Adding an NFS Secondary Staging Store for Each Zone Initialize and Test Steps to Provisioning Your Cloud Infrastructure Service Offerings Compute and Disk Service OfferingsCreating a New Compute Offering Creating a New Disk Offering System Service Offerings Modifying or Deleting a Service OfferingCreating a New System Service Offering For more information, see .7, Stopping and Starting VMs Page Page Setting Up Networking for Users Overview of Setting Up Networking for UsersAbout Virtual Networks Isolated NetworksNetwork Service Providers Network Service Providers Support MatrixRuntime Allocation of Virtual Network Resources IndividualSupport Matrix for an Isolated Network Combination ACLSupport Matrix for Shared Network Combination Network Offerings Support Matrix for Basic ZoneCreating a New Network Offering Supported Services Description Isolated Shared See Section Remote Access VPN Changing the Network Offering on a Guest Network Creating and Changing a Virtual Router Network Offering Page Page Working With Virtual Machines About Working with Virtual MachinesBest Practices for Virtual Machines Install Required Tools and Drivers VM LifecycleMonitor VMs for Max Capacity Creating VMs Creating a VM from a templateConfiguring Usage of Linked Clones on VMware Creating a VM from an ISOAccessing VMs Appending a Display Name to the Guest VM’s Internal NameStopping and Starting VMs Assigning VMs to HostsAffinity Groups Creating a New Affinity GroupAssign a New VM to an Affinity Group Change Affinity Group for an Existing VMVirtual Machine Snapshots for VMware View Members of an Affinity GroupDelete an Affinity Group Configuring VM Snapshots Using VM SnapshotsLimitations on VM Snapshots Changing the VM Name, OS, or Group Changing the Service Offering for a VM CPU and Memory Scaling for Running VMsConfiguring Dynamic CPU and RAM Scaling How to Dynamically Scale CPU and RAMUpdating Existing VMs LimitationsResetting the Virtual Machine Root Volume on Reboot Moving VMs Between Hosts Manual Live MigrationRecovering a Destroyed VM Deleting VMsWorking with ISOs Adding an ISO Attaching an ISO to a VM Changing a VMs Base ImagePage 102 Scheduled Maintenance and Maintenance Mode for Hosts VCenter and Maintenance ModeXenServer and Maintenance Mode Working With HostsTo take a server out of Maintenance Mode Disabling and Enabling Zones, Pods, and ClustersRemoving Hosts Working With HostsRe-Installing Hosts Using Cisco UCS as Bare Metal Host CloudPlatformMaintaining Hypervisors on Hosts Removing XenServer and KVM HostsRegistering a UCS Manager Associating a Profile with a UCS BladeChanging Host Password Disassociating a Profile from a UCS BladeOver-Provisioning and Service Offering Limits Setting Over-Provisioning Ratios Limitations on Over-Provisioning in XenServer and KVMRequirements for Over-Provisioning Balloon DriverService Offering Limits and Over-Provisioning Vlan ProvisioningVlan Allocation Example Adding Non Contiguous Vlan RangesAssigning VLANs to Isolated Networks Default Template Working with TemplatesCreating Templates Overview Requirements for TemplatesPrivate and Public Templates Creating a Template from an Existing Virtual MachineWorking with Templates Creating a Template from a Snapshot Uploading TemplatesWorking with Templates Exporting Templates Creating a Windows TemplateSystem Preparation for Windows Server 2008 R2 Working with Templates Page Working with Templates System Preparation for Windows Server 2003 R2 Importing Amazon Machine Images Create a grub entry in /boot/grub/grub.conf Exit out of chroot Converting a Hyper-V VM to a Template Adding Password Management to Your Templates Linux OS Installation Windows OS InstallationDeleting Templates 128 Working With Storage Storage OverviewPrimary Storage Storage Tags Working With StorageFiber Channel support NFS support Local storage support Storage over-provisioningMaintenance Mode for Primary Storage Secondary StorageBest Practices for Secondary Storage Changing the Secondary Storage IP AddressWorking With Volumes Creating a New VolumeUsing Local Storage for Data Volumes Changing Secondary Storage ServersUploading an Existing Volume to a Virtual Machine To Create a New VolumeAttaching a Volume Hypervisor Disk Image FormatDetaching and Moving Volumes VM Storage MigrationMigrating a Data Volume to a New Storage Pool Migrating a VM Root Volume to a New Storage PoolResizing Volumes Reset VM to New Root Disk on Reboot Volume Deletion and Garbage CollectionTo enable root disk reset on VM reboot Working with SnapshotsIncremental Snapshots and Backup Volume StatusAutomatic Snapshot Creation and Retention Snapshot Restore VMware Volume Snapshot PerformanceSnapshot Job Throttling Configuring the Usage Server Working with UsageWorking with Usage Alerttypeusagesanityresult =Setting Usage Limits Globally Configured Limits Parameter Name DefinitionDefault Account Resource Limits Per-Domain Limits Managing Networks and Traffic Guest TrafficNetworking in a Pod Networking in a Zone Managing Networks and TrafficBasic Zone Physical Network Configuration Advanced Zone Physical Network ConfigurationConfiguring Isolated Guest Network Configure Public Traffic in an Advanced Zone Configuring a Shared Guest Network Using Security Groups to Control Traffic to VMs About Security GroupsSecurity Groups in Advanced Zones KVM Only LimitationEnabling Security Groups Adding a Security GroupAdding Ingress and Egress Rules to a Security Group External Firewalls and Load Balancers About Using a NetScaler Load Balancer MPXConfiguring SNMPCommunity String on a Rhel Server VPXInitial Setup of External Firewalls and Load Balancers Load Balancer Rules Adding a Load Balancer RuleConfiguring AutoScale Prerequisites Configuration Managing Networks and Traffic Disabling and Enabling an AutoScale Configuration Updating an AutoScale ConfigurationSticky Session Policies for Load Balancer Rules Health Checks for Load Balancer RulesRuntime Considerations Global Server Load Balancing About Global Server Load BalancingComponents of Gslb How Gslb Works in CloudPlatform Configuring Gslb For more information, see Configuring a Gslb Virtual Server4 Prerequisites and Guidelines Enabling Gslb in NetScalerAdding a Gslb Rule Assigning Load Balancing Rules to Gslb Using Multiple Guest Networks Reconfiguring Networks in VMsAdding an Additional Guest Network Selecting the Default Network PrerequisitesAdding a Network Removing a NetworkGuest IP Ranges Acquiring a New IP AddressReleasing an IP Address Reserving Public IP Addresses and VLANs for Accounts Dedicating IP Address Ranges to an AccountDedicating Vlan Ranges to an Account Gateway NetmaskStart IP End IP IP Reservation in Isolated Guest Networks IP Reservation ConsiderationsConfiguring Multiple IP Addresses on a Single NIC Best PracticesReserving an IP Range Port Forwarding and StaticNAT Services Changes Use CasesGuidelines Assigning Additional IPs to a VMMultiple Subnets in Shared Network Prerequisites and GuidelinesAdding Multiple Subnets to a Shared Network About Elastic IP Managing Networks and Traffic Portable IPs About Portable IPConfiguring Portable IPs Acquiring a Portable IPGuidelines Static NAT Transferring Portable IPEnabling or Disabling Static NAT Configuring an Egress Firewall Rule IP Forwarding and FirewallingEgress Firewall Rules in an Advanced Zone Configuring the Default Egress Policy AllowDeny Firewall Rules IP Load Balancing Port ForwardingRemote Access VPN Configuring Remote Access VPNDNS and Dhcp Using Remote Access VPN with Windows Using Remote Access VPN with Mac OS Setting Up a Site-to-Site VPN ConnectionSee .27, Configuring a Virtual Private Cloud Creating and Updating a VPN Customer Gateway NoteManaging Networks and Traffic Page Creating a VPN gateway for the VPC Updating and Removing a VPN Customer GatewayCreating a VPN Connection Note CidrManaging Networks and Traffic Restarting and Removing a VPN Connection Isolation in Advanced Zone Using Private Vlan About Private VlanCreating a PVLAN-Enabled Guest Network PrerequisitesAbout Inter-VLAN Routing Page Configuring a Virtual Private Cloud About Virtual Private CloudsMajor Components of a VPC Network Architecture in a VPC Connectivity Options for a VPCVPC Network Considerations Adding a Virtual Private Cloud Adding Tiers Managing Networks and Traffic Configuring Network Access Control List About Network ACL ListsCreating ACL Lists Creating an ACL Rule Creating a Tier with Custom ACL List Assigning a Custom ACL List to a TierAdding a Private Gateway to a VPC Source NAT on Private Gateway See .27.5.2, ACL on Private GatewayACL on Private Gateway Creating a Static RouteDeploying VMs to the Tier Deploying VMs to VPC Tier and Shared NetworksBlacklisting Routes Acquiring a New IP Address for a VPC Releasing an IP Address Alloted to a VPC Enabling or Disabling Static NAT on a VPC Adding Load Balancing Rules on a VPC Load Balancing Public Traffic Public LBCreating a Network Offering for Public LB Creating a Public LB Rule Load Balancing Tier-to-Tier traffic Internal LB How Does Internal LB Work in VPC?Enabling Internal LB on a VPC Tier Creating an Internal LB Rule Adding a Port Forwarding Rule on a VPC Removing Tiers TCP UDPPersistent Networks Editing, Restarting, and Removing a Virtual Private CloudPersistent Network Considerations Creating a Persistent Guest Network Working with System Virtual Machines System VM TemplateMultiple System VM Support for VMware Console ProxyChanging the Console Proxy SSL Certificate and Domain Working with System Virtual MachinesConfiguring the Virtual Router Virtual RouterUpgrading a Virtual Router with System Service Offerings Secondary Storage VMBest Practices for Virtual Routers HA-Enabled Virtual Machines System Reliability and High AvailabilityHA for Management Server Dedicated HA HostsConfiguring the API Request Rate Primary Storage Outage and Data LossSecondary Storage Outage and Data Loss Limiting the Rate of API RequestsLimitations on API Throttling 236 Using Tags to Organize Resources in the Cloud Managing the CloudSetting Configuration Parameters About Configuration ParametersManaging the Cloud Setting Global Configuration Parameters Setting Local Configuration ParametersGranular Global Configuration Parameters Cluster.cpu.allocated.capacity.disablThethr Changing the Database Configuration Administrator AlertsCustomizing Alerts with Global Configuration Settings Sending Alerts to External Snmp and Syslog ManagersSnmp Alert Details Configuring Snmp and Syslog Managers Syslog Alert DetailsCustomizing the Network Domain Name Deleting an Snmp or Syslog ManagerStopping and Restarting the Management Server Provisioning and Authentication API CloudPlatform APIAllocators User Data and Meta DataCloudPlatform API Tuning Performance MonitoringIncrease Management Server Maximum Memory Set Database Buffer Pool SizeConfigure XenServer dom0 Memory TuningSet and Monitor Total VM Limits per Host Troubleshooting EventsEvent Logs Event NotificationTroubleshooting Standard EventsLong Running Job Events Event Log Queries Deleting and Archiving Events and AlertsProcedure Working with Server LogsPermissions Using cloud-bugtool SymptomLog Collection Utility cloud-bugtool Data Loss on Exported Primary StorageRecovering a Lost Virtual Router Maintenance mode not working on vCenterSolution CauseUnable to power on virtual machine on VMware Unable to deploy VMs from uploaded vSphere templateLoad balancer rules fail after changing network offering Appendix A. Event Types 260 Appendix B. Alerts Appendix B. Alerts
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4.2 specifications

Citrix Systems, a leading provider of virtualization solutions and cloud computing technologies, released version 4.2 of its popular software, Citrix XenApp, which was previously known as Presentation Server. This version marked a significant evolution in providing users with remote access to applications and desktops, emphasizing simplicity, performance, and security.

One of the standout features of Citrix XenApp 4.2 is its improved application streaming capabilities. This technology allows applications to be delivered to users in real-time, reducing the need for extensive local installations and enhancing the user experience. With application streaming, administrators can efficiently manage applications on a central server while ensuring that users have immediate access to the necessary tools.

Another highlight of this version is the enhanced security measures put in place to protect sensitive data. Citrix XenApp 4.2 includes support for SSL encryption, providing a secure communication channel for data transmitted between the server and clients. This is particularly crucial for businesses that need to comply with strict data protection regulations. Additionally, the integration of endpoint security features ensures that unauthorized access to applications is minimized.

Performance enhancements are also a critical focus in this release. Citrix optimized the delivery of applications over various network conditions, ensuring that users experience minimal latency regardless of their location. This was achieved through the incorporation of SmartAccess and SmartControl technologies, which allow administrators to set policies based on user roles, device types, and network conditions. This level of granularity enables organization-wide security without compromising on usability.

The user experience was further improved with a revamped interface, making it easier for end-users to access their applications and data. Simplified menus, clear navigation paths, and the ability to customize user settings contributed to a more efficient workflow, allowing users to focus on their tasks rather than struggling with the software.

Finally, Citrix XenApp 4.2 was designed to be highly scalable. Organizations of all sizes could deploy this solution to deliver applications efficiently, adapting to their specific needs as their user base grows or changes. This flexibility is crucial for businesses looking to future-proof their IT investments while maintaining optimal performance.

In summary, Citrix XenApp 4.2 stands out with its enhanced application streaming, robust security features, improved performance under varying conditions, user-friendly interface, and scalability, making it an ideal choice for organizations seeking to leverage virtualization for remote access to applications and desktops.
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