Nokia WAP and SMS gateway manual Running Kannel, Starting the gateway, Command line options

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Chapter 3. Using the gateway

Running Kannel

To start the gateway, you need to start each box you need. You always need the bearer box, and depending on whether you want WAP and SMS gateways you need to start the WAP and SMS boxes. If you want, you can run several of them, but we’ll explain the simple case of only running one each.

Starting the gateway

After you have compiled Kannel and edited configuration file for your taste, you can either run Kannel from command line or use supplied start-stop-daemonand run_kannel_box programs to use it as a daemon service (more documentation about that later).

If you cannot or do not know how to set up daemon systems or just want to test Kannel, you probably want to start it from command line. This means that you probably want to have one terminal window for each box you want to start (xterm or screen will do fine). To start the bearerbox, give the following command:

./bearerbox -v 1 [conffile]

The -v 1 sets the logging level to INFO. This way, you won’t see a large amount of debugging output (the default is DEBUG). Full explanation of Kannel command line arguments is below.

[conffile] is the name of the configuration file you are using with Kannel. The basic distribution packet comes with two sample configuration files, smskannel.conf and wapkannel.conf (in gw subdirectory), of which the first one is for testing out SMS Kannel and the second one for setting up a WAP Kannel. Feel free to edit those configuration files to set up your own specialized system.

After the bearer box, you can start the WAP box:

./wapbox -v 1 [conffile]

or the SMS box:

./smsbox -v 1 [conffile]

or both, of course. The order does not matter, except that you need to start the bearer box before the other boxes. Without the bearer box, the other boxes won’t even start.

Command line options

Bearerbox, smsbox and wapbox each accept certain command line options and arguments when they are launched. These arguments are:

Table 3-2. Kannel Command Line Options

Set verbosity level for stdout (screen) logging.

-v <level>Default is 0, which means ’debug’. 1 is ’info, 2 ’warning’, 3 ’error’ and 4 ’panic’

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Contents Open Source WAP and SMS gateway Lars WirzeniusKalle Marjola Andreas FinkStipe Tolj Bruno RodriguesAarno Syvänen Kannel 1.3.1 User’s Guide Open Source WAP and SMS gateway Table of Contents Extended headers Kannel Post XML Post Fake messages Fakesmsc command line options List of Tables ViiIntroduction Overview of WAPOverview of WAP Push Overview of SMS Features RequirementsIntroduction This section needs to be writtenPage Getting the source code Installing the gatewayFinding the documentation Compiling the gateway Using pre-compiled binary packages Installing the gatewayInstalling Kannel from RPM packages Removing Kannel Log in as root Remove the RPM package Installing Kannel from DEB packages Installing the gatewayRemove the package completely Installing the gateway Install or upgrade the DEB packageIf you don’t want Kannel to run as a daemon, run Page Configuring the gateway Using the gatewayConfiguration file syntax Inclusion of configuration files Core configuration Variable Value DescriptionWith admin-port, this can be Lower network layer. DefaultsBool Layer. Defaults to no IP-listseveral addresses, separated withIP or ’*’ VariableValuefilename String to unify received phone Numbers, for Smsc routingHandle them properly. This is Receiving SMS messages fromUsing this variable, no SMS filename Down violently Enable the use of an HttpSMS service requests to Only, i.e. for the administrationType Default this is set to ’internal’ When Kannel message queuesKannel is willing to trust when Working as a Https client. IfCommand line options Running KannelStarting the gateway After the bearer box, you can start the WAP boxUsing the gateway Set debug-places for ’debug’ level output Kannel statusesHttp administration Bring down the gateway, by setting state to Space. Password requiredShutdown a single Smsc link. Password No other chance to resume normal operationWAP gateway configuration Setting up a WAP gatewayWapbox configuration Default gives you 10 mappings Map-url setting. Thus,Adds a single mapping for Left side URL to the givenRunning WAP gateway Checking whether the WAP gateway is aliveSetting up a SMS Gateway Required componentsSMS gateway configuration SMS centersProblems, so avoid it and any Specify the used SMS-serviceSee below for a complete list An optional name or id forWhich are accepted to be sent Through this SMSC. MultipleEntries are separated with Semicolon ’’. For exampleNokia Cimd 1.37 Setting up a SMS Gateway Value. Set it to 0 to disable thisFeature Machine that runs the SmscAll messages sent from Kannel. If Kannel is asked toSend a message, it will remove This prefix from the senderConnecting over a modem to an Defaults to send. All outgoingService Or hostnameKeepalive command will be Feature. Requires username orMore than this time. Defaults to If set, only connections fromDisconnect/reconnect, default When this parameter is unset orDefaults to the maximum Error ocurSmpp Transceiver mode Use value 0 to disable this I/OPassword matching Attempt to use aDefault if not set is Not defined the default deviceThat no more than 10 default Change the interface versionVariableValue Sema Group SMS2000 OIS 4.0 SM/ASI for CriticalPath InVoke SMS Center GSM modem Modem Type Modems Default value 0 means to try to Nokia 6210, 7110, 8210 testedProbably other Nokia phones TooUsing the ’message-storage’ To work with this setting areFor this many seconds. If Optional phone numberString to use when trying to Optional. Defaults to falseBefore first command Command, enable thisFake Smsc HTTP-based relay and content gateways Using multiple SMS centers Feature checklistFeaturecimd Sema Ois At2 HttpSmsc driver internal features Can set Validity Can set Deferred Can set PID Can set RPICan send 8 bits Correctly send GSM alphabet Can send octet data without UDHSymbol Meaning Smsbox configurationSmsbox Group Variables Optional smsbox instanceAn smsbox connected to an Bearerbox for the purposeSendsms-charsstring Global-sender Typical ’smsbox’ group could be something like this Non-zero valueSmsbox routing inside bearerbox Defines for which smsboxInstance the routing rules do ApplySMS-service configurations Services are identified by Word Message contains If the service has aliases, theyURL corresponds to one Word in the SMS messageYou use this sms-service type Use these kind of services isChecked using white/black-list Service. b Multiple entries areService. This may be used to Allowed to this serviceAllow only inbound SMS to Certain shortcut numbers to beContent-Type for reply, it is Used for url type services,If client does not set NormallyBlack-list service is defined See notes of phone numberFormat from numhash.h header fileHow sms-service interprets the Http response Extended headers SMSPush equivalent Kannel HeaderKannel Post XML PostParameter escape code Kannel Header Equivalent Hex formatSetting up a SMS Gateway SendSMS-user configurations Some sample ’sendsms-user’ groups External delivery report DLR storage Internal DLR storageMySQL DLR storage LibSDB DLR storageDLR database field configuration Table field that is used for the timestamp data VariableSample ’dlr-db’ group MySQL connection configuration Over-The-Air configurationsOta-setting. Any string is For your WAP services, i.eDescription of the service Defaults to dataSetting up more complex services A ’sendsms-user’ to use with it. With concatenation enabled14. OTA Bookmark Group Variables Ota-bookmark. Any string isSetting up multi-operator Kannel Setting up operator specific servicesRedirected replies ’Authorization failed’ reply Using the Http interface to send SMS messagesRunning SMS gateway Content can be more than Bits or to UCS2. Defaults toReturned Phone number of the senderDefault-smscvariable can Indicator bits in DCS field. IfIndicator. The accepted values Indicator, or 5,6,7,8 forConfiguration, or 0X per default Indicator RPI value. See EtsiOptional. If given, kannel will Inform SMS Center that it shouldUsing the Http interface to send OTA configuration messages GET method for the OTA Http interfaceBookmark document looks like this Name or ID of the ’ota-setting’ Not given the first ’ota-setting’When a XML document is Configuration, or ’AuthorizationSMS&WAP gateway configuration Setting up a SMS&WAP gatewayRunning SMS&WAP gateway Setting up Push Proxy Gateway Configuring ppg core group, for push initiator PI interfacePPG core group configuration variables Mandatory value. Tells that weConfiguring PPG user group variables String Password for this user Wap-push-userString An user String Username for this userFinishing ppg configuration An example using Http Smsc Setting up Push Proxy GatewayYou can, of course, use more complex command line options Running a push proxy gatewayDefault network and bearer used by push proxy gateway Using SSL for Http Using SSL client supportUsing SSL server support for PPG Https interface Using SSL server support for the sendsms Http interfaceUsing SSL for Http Delivery Reports Getting help and reporting bugs Appendix A. Using the fake WAP sender Setting up fakesmsc Appendix B. Using the fake SMS centerRunning Kannel with fakesmsc connections Switch Value Description Fakesmsc command line optionsFake messages Send a maximum of max Creating push content and control document for testing Starting necessary programs Table C-1. Testppg’s command line options Use content qualifier stringInstead of default si service Default any. ApplicationTesting PAP protocol over Https Using Nokia Toolkit as a part of a developing environment101 Directive Value Description String User’s username Mandatory value. PPG service filename Document Mandatory value. PPG serviceString User’s password 103 Appendix D. Setting up a dial-up line Analog modemAdd the following lines to /etc/ppp/options.server 104Configure your phone this example is for Nokia Isdn terminalThis section needs to be written 105 Appendix E. Log files Bearerbox Access LogLog rotation Appendix E. Log files 107MClass GlossaryCoding Bibliography RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 Society 109

WAP and SMS gateway specifications

Nokia has long been a pivotal player in the telecommunications industry, and its contributions to mobile communication technology are numerous. Among these contributions, the Nokia WAP and SMS Gateway stand out as essential elements in enabling mobile internet access and messaging services in the early days of wireless communication.

The Nokia WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) gateway was introduced to facilitate mobile access to the internet and to allow users to interact with web services through their mobile devices. Built on a client-server architecture, the WAP gateway acted as a bridge between the mobile network and the internet, translating traditional web content into a format that mobile devices could effectively render. This conversion was crucial, given the limitations of early mobile devices regarding screen size, processing power, and network bandwidth.

One of the main features of the Nokia WAP gateway was its ability to provide users with real-time access to information such as weather updates, news, and stock prices. By using a lightweight markup language called WML (Wireless Markup Language), the gateway allowed developers to create mobile-friendly websites that could be accessed via WAP-enabled devices. This marked a significant step toward the mobile internet we know today, creating a new realm of possibilities for developers and users alike.

Another critical aspect of Nokia's offering was the SMS (Short Message Service) gateway. The SMS gateway provided a robust platform for sending and receiving text messages across various mobile networks. It enabled seamless communication between devices, regardless of the underlying technology. This feature made SMS a popular choice for both personal communication and business applications, such as marketing campaigns and customer service notifications.

The Nokia SMS gateway utilized established protocols, such as SMPP (Short Message Peer-to-Peer), to ensure reliable message delivery and efficient interaction between SMS applications and mobile networks. Its characteristics included scalability, allowing service providers to handle large volumes of messages, and flexibility to integrate with existing applications and systems.

In summary, the Nokia WAP and SMS gateway played a vital role in the evolution of mobile communication. With features that enabled mobile internet access and streamlined messaging capabilities, these technologies laid the groundwork for the mobile-centric world we live in today. Their legacy continues to influence mobile application development and the broader telecommunications landscape. As the industry progresses, the innovations introduced by Nokia serve as a reminder of the foundational technologies that paved the way for modern mobile experiences.
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