Statistical Calculations, Data Entry and Correction

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Operations (N-base)	11

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers in NORMAL mode. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses, and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR, and XNOR on binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.

Conversion to each system is performed with the following keys:

@z(“BIN” appears), @r(“PEN” appears),

@g(“OCT” appears), @h(“HEX” appears),

@/(“BIN”, “PEN”, “OCT”, and “HEX” disappear)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A–F are entered by pressing

A B C D EF

m, *, A, l, i, and H.

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal, and Sexagesimal Calculations 12

Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed. In addition, the four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Degree			Second
Degree	Minute		Second
	Minute

Coordinate Conversions		13

•Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

•The calculation result is automatically stored in the X and Y memories (r or x in X memory, and θ or y in Y memory).

•The results of coordinate conversions will be displayed as decimal numbers even in the WriteView editor.

Rectangular coord.	Polar coord.

Modify Function	14

Decimal calculation results are internally obtained in scientiﬁc notation, with up to 14 digits in the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function (@n), the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations.

•When using the WriteView editor, if the calculation result is displayed using fractions or irrational numbers, press U to convert it to decimal form ﬁ rst.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. There are eight sub-modes within STAT mode. Press b 1, then press the number key that corresponds to your choice:

0(S#a# 0 [SD]): Single-variable statistics

1(S#a# 1 [LINE]): Linear regression

2(S#a# 2 [QUAD]): Quadratic regression

3(S#a# 3 [E_EXP]): Euler exponential regression

4(S#a# 4 [LOG]): Logarithmic regression

5(S#a# 5 [POWER]): Power regression

6(S#a# 6 [INV]): Inverse regression

7(S#a# 7 [G_EXP]): General exponential regression

Statistical Calculations and Variables

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of ①.

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´).

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②, and coefﬁ cients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefﬁ cient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x´ values, each value will be displayed with “1:” or “2:”, and stored separately in the X and Y memories.

Euler exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, inverse regression, and general exponential regression calculations

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of y for a given x and the estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefﬁ cients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)

	–	Mean of samples (x data)
	x	Mean of samples (x data)
	sx	Sample standard deviation (x data)
①	σx	Population standard deviation (x data)
①	n	Number of samples
	n	Number of samples
	Σx	Sum of samples (x data)
	Σx2	Sum of squares of samples (x data)

	–	Mean of samples (y data)
	y	Mean of samples (y data)
	sy	Sample standard deviation (y data)
	σy	Population standard deviation (y data)

	Σy	Sum of samples (y data)

②	Σy2	Sum of squares of samples (y data)

	Σxy	Sum of products of samples (x, y)
	Σxy	Sum of products of samples (x, y)
	r	Correlation coefﬁ cient

	a	Coefﬁ cient of regression equation

	b	Coefﬁ cient of regression equation

	c	Coefﬁ cient of quadratic regression equation

•Use ;and tto perform a variable calculation in STAT mode.

•Udoes not function in STAT mode.

Data Entry and Correction

Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.

Data entry

Single-variable data Data _

Data Hfrequency _(To enter multiples of the same data)

Two-variable data

Data x Hdata y _

Data x Hdata y Hfrequency _(To enter multiples of the same data x and y)

Note: Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single- variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items.

Data correction

Correction before pressing _immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect data with j, then enter the correct data.

Correction after pressing _:

Use uand dto display the previously entered data set. Press dto display the data set in ascending (oldest ﬁrst) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest ﬁrst), press the ukey. Press @uor @dto jump the cursor to the beginning or end of the data set.

Each data set is displayed with “X:”, “Y:”, or “F:”.

Data set number

Data x

Frequency

Data set number

Data x

Data y

Frequency

Display and move the cursor to the data item to be modiﬁ ed by using uand d, input the correct value, then press _or e.

•To delete a data set, display and move the cursor to an item of the data set to delete by using uand d, then press @#. The data set will be deleted.

•To add a new data set, press jto exit the display of previously entered data and input the values, then press _.


Statistical Calculation Formulas		17

Type	Regression formula

Linear	y = a + bx
Quadratic	y = a + bx + cx2

Euler exponential	y = a ⋅ ebx
Logarithmic	y = a + b ⋅ ln x

Power	y = a ⋅ xb
	1
Inverse	⎯
Inverse	y = a + b x
General exponential	y = a ⋅ bx

An error will occur when:

•The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 ⋅ 10100.

•The denominator is zero.

•An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

•No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

DRILL MODE

Math Drill: b20

Math operation questions with positive integers and 0 are displayed randomly. It is possible to select the number of questions and operator type.

Multiplication Table (⋅ Table): b21

Questions from each row of the multiplication table (1 to 12) are displayed serially or randomly.

To exit DRILL mode, press band select another mode.

Using Math Drill and × Table

1.Press b20for Math Drill or b21for ⋅ Table.

2.Math Drill: Use uand dto select the number of

questions (25, 50, or 100).

× Table: Use uand dto select a row in the multiplication table (1 to 12).

3.Math Drill: Use land rto select the operator type for questions (+, −, ⋅, ⎟, or + −⋅⎟).

× Table: Use land rto select the order type (“Serial” or “Random”).

4.Press eto start.

When using Math Drill or ⋅ Table (random order only), questions are randomly selected and will not repeat except by chance.

5.Enter your answer. Press jor Nto clear the entered number and then enter the correct answer.

6.Press e.

•If the answer is correct, “” appears and the next question is displayed.

•If the answer is wrong, “”appears and the same question is displayed. This will be regarded as an incorrect answer.

•If you press ewithout entering an answer, the correct answer is displayed and then the next question is displayed. This will be regarded as an incorrect answer.

7.Continue answering the series of questions by entering the answer and pressing e.

8.After you ﬁ nish, press eand the number and percentage of correct answers are displayed.

9.Press eto return to the initial screen for your current drill.

Math Drill sample

Current question/

Total questions

Question

…

See step 6 above.

…

Number of questions

Operator type

Percentage correct

Correct answers

×Table sample

Total remaining questions

Question

…

See step 6 above.

…

Multiplicand

Order type

Percentage correct

Correct answers

Ranges of Math Drill Questions

The range of questions for each operator type is as follows.

+Addition operator: “0 + 0” to “20 + 20”

]	Subtraction operator: “0 − 0” to “20 − 20”; answers are
	positive integers and 0.

>Multiplication operator: “1 ⋅ 0” or “0 ⋅ 1” to “12 × 12”

)	Division operator: “0 ⎟ 1” to “144 ⎟ 12”; answers are
	positive integers from 1 to 12 and 0, dividends of up to
	144, and divisors of up to 12.

+]>) Mixed operators: Questions within all the above ranges are displayed.

ERRORS AND CALCULATION RANGES

Errors

An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing lor rautomatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press jto clear the equation.

Operations (N-base)