RSA Key Generation

C H A P T E R 2

Generating Certificates

Revised: March 27, 2006, OL-8880-01

Overview

This chapter provides a general overview of the steps involved in generating RSA keys and certificates without reference to specific tools. Following the overview, the sections Generating Certificates with OpenSSL, page 2-2and Certificate Generation with Windows CA, page 2-6provide examples based on OpenSSL and Windows Certificate Authority.

The actual mechanics of certificate generation are highly dependent on the tools used as well as the local security policies in effect. Some tools and policies might condense the three steps shown below into fewer (possibly one) steps or expand them into more steps. The degree of automation and direct user involvement also varies greatly and can range from a simple web form-based model with automatic certificate distribution to a more complicated procedure with multiple user interactions. Some CAs are set up to support online operations including certificate production while others might operate strictly offline and require more manual involvement.

RSA keys have certain mathematical and cryptographic properties that require special software tools for the generation. Some tools will ask you to type on the keyboard during generation to create a source of randomness. This is because RSA keys are based on large random numbers.

RSA key pairs have two essential parameters that must be specified during creation. The first parameter is the key type which is always RSA. The second parameter is the key length in bits which can vary from 512 to 4096 bits (or even more). The key length is usually specified as part of the customers’ security policy and it is difficult to give a generally applicable recommendation for it.

Certificate Request Creation

A Certificate Request (CR) is information packaged with the public key that specifies the type and general content of the desired certificate. It is usually packaged in a format based on PKCS#10 (one of the PKCS standards documented by RFC 2986) or Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF), an emerging standard from the IETF. The format of the CR is usually not important as long as the tools used to create and process it are compatible.

WLSE Express AAA Server Certificate Configuration Guide

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OL-8880-01 specifications

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