Effects of Equalisation on Voice Reproduction

Table 1: Effects of Equalisation on Voice Reproduction

1/3 Octave centre frequency (Hz)	Effect on voice
40, 50, 63, 80,100,125,	Sense of power in some outstanding
	bass singers.
160, 200, 250,	Voice fundamentals.
315, 400, 500	Important for voice quality.
630, 800, 1k	Important for voice naturalness. Too
	much boost in the 315 to 1k range
	produces a telephone like quality.
1.25 to 4k	Vocal fricatives - accentuation of vocals.
	Important to speech intelligibility. Too
	much boost between 2 and 4kHz can
	mask certain speech sounds e.g “m”, “b”
	and “v” can become indistinguishable.
	Too much boost anywhere between 1 and
	4kHz can produce “listening fatigue”.
	Vocals can be highlighted by slightly
	boosting the vocal at 3kHz and at the
	same time slightly dipping the instruments
	at the same frequency.
	Accentuation of voice.
5, 6.3, 8k	The range from 1.25 to 8k governs the
	clarity of voice.
10,12.5, 16k	Too much boost causes sibilance.

Table 2: Effects of Equalisation on Music Reproduction

1/3 Octave centre frequency (Hz)	Effect on music
31,40, 50, 63	Fundamentals of bass drum, tuba, double
	bass and organ. These frequencies give
	music a sense of power. If over-
	emphasised they make the music “muddy”.
	50 or 60Hz band also used to reject ac.
	Mains hum.
80, 100, 125	Fundamentals of lower tympani. Too much
	boost produces excessive “boom”. 100 or
	125Hz also used for hum rejection.
160, 200, 250	Drum and lower bass. Too much boost
	produces excessive “boom”. Also useful
	for 3rd harmonic mains hum rejection.
315, 400, 500	Fundamentals of string and percussion.
630, 800, 1k	Fundamentals and harmonics of strings,
	keyboards and percussion.
	Boosting the 600 - 1kHz range can make
	instruments sound horn like.
1.25 to 4k	Drums, guitar accentuation of vocals,
	strings and brass.
	Too much bass in the 1 to 2kHz range can
	make instruments sound tinny. Too much
	boost anywhere between 1 to 4kHz can
	produce “listening fatigue”.
5,6.3, 8k	Accentuation of percussion, cymbals and
	snare drum.
	Reduction at 5kHz makes overall sound
	more distant and transparent.
	Reduction of tape hiss and system noise.
	The 1,25 to 8k governs clarity and
	definition.
10, 12.5, 16k
	Cymbals and overall brightness. Too much
	boost causes sibilance.
	Reduction of tape hiss and system noise.

DN360 specifications

The Klark Teknik DN360 is a legendary graphic equalizer that has made its mark in the world of sound engineering and music production. Renowned for its robust construction, precise sound manipulation, and intuitive usability, the DN360 is a staple in professional audio environments, including live sound reinforcement, recording studios, and broadcast facilities.

One of the standout features of the DN360 is its 30-band graphic equalization, which operates over a range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This extensive frequency range allows sound engineers to make finely tailored adjustments to audio signals, ensuring each frequency can be enhanced or attenuated to meet the specific needs of any performance or recording situation. The equalizer provides a 1/3 octave frequency spacing, which is critical in facilitating detailed control over audio content without introducing unwanted phase issues.

The DN360 employs advanced circuit design and high-quality components to ensure impeccable audio fidelity. One of its key technologies is the use of low-noise, high-performance circuitry, which contributes to the clarity of sound even at extreme levels. The equalizer also integrates an innovative feedback detection system, which helps in preventing feedback issues when used in live applications, a common challenge faced by audio professionals in dynamic settings.

In addition to the powerful equalization capabilities, the DN360 is designed with user-friendliness in mind. The layout features an intuitive front panel, making it easy for sound engineers to make quick adjustments during performances. The LED-level meters provide clear visual feedback, allowing for real-time monitoring of audio levels.

Another notable characteristic of the Klark Teknik DN360 is its rugged construction, which is essential for durability in demanding environments. The unit is housed in a sturdy metal chassis that can withstand the rigors of touring and frequent use, ensuring longevity and reliability.

The DN360 also offers a variety of connectivity options, seamlessly fitting into different professional audio setups. Balanced XLR inputs and outputs are provided, ensuring a clean signal path and minimal interference. Furthermore, the equalizer supports both stereo and dual-mono operation modes, enhancing its flexibility in various audio applications.

Overall, the Klark Teknik DN360 stands as a testament to innovation in audio processing equipment, delivering unmatched performance and versatility for professionals in the audio industry. Whether in a studio or on the road, it is a powerful tool for achieving sonic excellence.