Nikon D90 user manual Shutter Speed and Aperture, Lens Aperture Rings

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78

Shutter Speed and Aperture

P, S, A, and M modes offer different degrees of control over shutter speed and aperture:

 

Mode

Description

 

Programmed auto

Camera sets shutter speed and aperture for optimal exposure.

P

Recommended for snapshots and in other situations in which

 

(pg. 80)

there is little time to adjust camera settings.

 

 

S

Shutter-priority auto

User chooses shutter speed; camera selects aperture for best

(pg. 81)

results. Use to freeze or blur motion.

 

 

 

 

Aperture-priority auto

User chooses aperture; camera selects shutter speed for best

A

results. Use to blur background or bring both foreground and

 

(pg. 82)

background into focus.

 

 

 

 

 

M

Manual (pg. 83)

User controls both shutter speed and aperture. Set shutter speed

to “A” or “&” for long time-exposures.

 

 

 

 

 

DLens Aperture Rings

When using a CPU lens equipped with an aperture ring (pg. 228), lock the aperture ring at the minimum aperture (highest f-number). Type G lenses are not equipped with an aperture ring.

Non-CPU lenses can only be used in exposure mode M, when aperture can be adjusted manually using the lens aperture ring (in other modes, the shutter-release will be disabled). The camera exposure meter, auto ISO sensitivity control, and variety of other features can not be used (pg. 165).

ASee also

Use the ISO sensitivity auto control option in the shooting menu (pg. 165) to enable auto ISO sensitivity control in P, S, A, and M modes. Custom Setting b1 (EV steps for exposure cntrl.; pg. 177) determines the size of the increments used for setting shutter speed and aperture. Custom Setting f5 (Customize command dials; pg. 201) determines the roles played by the main and sub-command dials in setting shutter speed and aperture.

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Contents Digital Camera Where to Find It Package Contents Symbols and Conventions Trademark InformationIii Question Key phrase How do I set the clock? World time How do I reset file numbering to 1?Photo info, highlights How do I set the clock for daylight saving time?Is there an easy way to take snapshots? Auto mode Can I take photos at a reduced size for e-mail?Vii Table of Contents A, and M Modes Fine-Tuning White Balance Choosing a Color TemperatureMore on Photography All Modes Focus Point SelectionMenu Guide 159 More on Playback 127Connections 145 165 C2 Auto Meter-off Delay 179164 166209 Xii202 Xiii Technical Notes227 For Your Safety XivAUse appropriate cables AObserve proper precautions when handling batteriesAObserve proper precautions when handling the quick charger CD-ROMsXvi Comply with copyright notices Symbol for Separate Collection in European CountriesXvii ReproducedDisposing of Data Storage Devices Use Only Nikon Brand Electronic AccessoriesXviii Before Taking Important PicturesFirst Steps Overview Getting to Know the CameraCamera Menus Overview Use Only Nikon Brand AccessoriesServicing the Camera and Accessories Getting to Know the Camera Camera Body239 DC-IN connector for optional EH-5a orUSB connector 151AE-L/AF-L button Memory card access lamp Information display/quick settingsQual image quality/size button Live view buttonA, and M Modes Mode DialSelect these modes for full control over camera settings Auto ModesControl Panel Large-Capacity Memory CardsLCD Illuminator Control Panel and Viewfinder ViewfinderViewfinder Display See Also Shooting Information DisplayOperations are performed for about 10 seconds Bracketing indicator Shooting modeFlash control mode for Long exposure noise reduction167 Set image quality pg Command DialsImage Quality and Size ISO Sensitivity Autofocus ModeRelease Mode ExposureChoose a metering method pg Choose a shutter speed exposure mode S or M ppChoose an aperture exposure mode a or M pp Set exposure compensationFlash Settings White BalanceDK-21 Viewfinder Eyepiece Cup Attaching the AN-DC1 Camera StrapBM-10 Monitor Cover Attach the strap as shown belowCamera Menus Following menus are availableHighlight the icon for the current menu Using Camera MenusDisplay the menus Select a menuDisplay options Position the cursor in the selected menuHighlight a menu item Highlight an optionHelp First Steps Charge the BatteryInsert the battery Plug the chargerRemove the battery when charging is complete Insert the BatteryRemoving the Battery Open the battery-chamber coverEN-EL3e Rechargeable Li-ion Batteries Battery and ChargerIncompatible Batteries Attach the lens Attach a LensRemove the rear lens cap and the camera body cap CPU Lenses with Aperture Rings Detaching the LensVibration Reduction VR Vibration ReductionChoose a time zone Basic SetupSelect a language Turn daylight saving time on or offClock Battery Exit to shooting modeSetup Menu Choose a date formatInsert the memory card Inserting Memory CardsOpen the card slot cover Slide the card slot cover out q and open the card slot wPress the Qbuttons again Formatting Memory CardsPress the Qbuttons Formatting Memory CardsMemory Cards Write Protect SwitchRemoving Memory Cards No Memory CardEyepiece Correction Lenses Adjust Viewfinder FocusFraming pictures in the viewfinder Creative Photography Scene Modes Default settings, seePoint-and-Shoot Photography i and j Modes Framing Pictures in the Monitor Live View Basic PlaybackTurn the Camera On Check the battery levelCheck the battery level in the viewfinder or control panel DescriptionCamera Off Display Check the number of exposures remainingAuto Meter Off Choose Shooting and Focus Modes Check Camera SettingsSelect i or j mode Select autofocusReady the camera Using a Zoom LensFrame the Photograph Frame the photographPress the shutter-release button halfway Check the indicators in the viewfinderFocus Flash may pop up and the AF-assist illuminator may lightShoot Turn the camera off when shooting is completeAuto Flash off Mode Turning the Camera OffBuilt-in Flash Take photographs Rotate the mode dial to select a scene modeCreative Photography Scene Modes To take photographs in scene modesNClose Up Focus PointPress the a button to frame pictures in the monitor Framing Pictures in the Monitor Live ViewPress the a button Choose an autofocus mode Check the view in the monitorFor the face in the double yellow border while Choose the focus pointFocus Autofocus, the camera sets focus and exposurePress the a button to exit live view mode Exit live view modeManual focus Focus using the lens focusing ring Take the pictureShooting Information Display Using Autofocus in Live ViewFace-Priority AF View additional pictures Basic PlaybackPress the K button Photograph will be displayed in the monitorDelete the photograph Deleting Unwanted PhotographsDisplay the photograph Press the O button. a confirmation dialog will be displayedEnd recording Recording and Viewing Movies Live ViewStart recording 0IconRecording Movies Viewing Movies DescriptionISO Sensitivity Two-Button Reset Release ModeUsing the Built-in Flash FocusAutofocus Autofocus mode DescriptionFocus AF-Assist Illuminator Getting Good Results with AutofocusExample Subject is half in h the shade Lens hoodChoose single- or dynamic-area AF Points for Custom Setting a1 AF-area mode pgFocus Point Selection Set the focus selector lock to JRecompose the photograph and shoot Focus LockLock focus Continuous Mode pg Use the AE-L/AF-Lbutton to lock focus in continuous modeUsing Manual Focus with AF Lenses Selector and the lens focus-mode switch to MSwitch to M Manual FocusElectronic Rangefinder Focal Plane PositionFile Names Image Quality and SizeImage Quality and Size Large file size Quality Image QualityOption Jpeg imageImage Size Image size Size pixelsCL mode shooting speed pg Release ModeMode Description Memory BufferFrame a photograph, focus, and shoot Continuous ModeSelect !or 9mode Buffer SizeSelect $mode Self-Timer Mode $Mount the camera on a tripod Cover the ViewfinderStart the timer BulbDelayed remote Using an Optional Remote Control #Before Using the Remote Control Select or #modeCover the viewfinder Take the photographUsing the Built-in Flash P, S, A, and M Modes Using the Built-in FlashUsing the Built-in Flash i, k, n, and oModes Flash Mode Rear-Curtain SyncSlow is displayed after main M button is released Lowering the Built-in Flash ISO Sensitivity HI 0.3-HIDefault Settings Two-Button ResetCamera settings listed below can be restored to default Page 110 100109 113Shutter Speed and Aperture Lens Aperture RingsSmall aperture f/36 Mode P Programmed Auto Flexible ProgramMode S Shutter-Priority Auto Choose a shutter speedDepth of Field Mode a Aperture-Priority AutoChoose an aperture Mode M Manual Choose aperture and shutter speedCustom Setting b1 set to 1/3 step Optimal exposure Electronic Analog Exposure DisplayLong Time-Exposures M Mode Only Pressed a second timeTake your finger off the shutter-release button Open the shutterClose the shutter Shooting ends automatically after thirty minutesTo choose a metering method, press ExposureMetering Method DescriptionLock exposure Select center-weighted or spot meteringAutoexposure Lock P, S, and a Modes Only Recompose the photographAdjusting Shutter Speed and Aperture Mode SettingExposure Compensation Flash Compensation Optional Flash UnitsSelect an exposure increment Exposure and Flash BracketingChoose the number of shots Exposure increment+1 EV Resuming Exposure or Flash Bracketing Exposure BracketingExposure and Flash Bracketing White Balance IFluorescent Select a white balance option Fine-Tuning White BalanceWhite Balance Menu Fine tune white balanceMired WB ButtonPress J Choose Color Temperature White Balance Menu Choosing a Color TemperatureColor Temperature Copy from existing Photograph Preset Manual100 White balance is copied from photo on memory card pgSelect direct measurement mode Measuring a Value for Preset White BalanceSet white balance to LPreset manual Light a reference objectCheck the results Select preset d-0Measure white balance 102104 Preset d-0103 Copy d-0 to the selected preset Copying White Balance from d-0 to Presets d-1-d-4Select LPreset manual Select a destinationHighlight a source image Copying White Balance from a Photograph d-1-d-4 OnlyChoose Select image Copy white balanceTo set white balance to a preset value Selecting a White Balance PresetSelect a preset Select SetEdit the comment Entering a CommentSelect Edit comment 107108 Using Picture ControlsPicture Controls Nikon Picture Controls Versus Custom Picture ControlsSelect Set Picture Control Selecting Nikon Picture ControlsChoosing a Picture Control Select a Picture Control110 Adjust settingsModifying Existing Picture Controls Modifications to Original Picture ControlsPicture Control Settings 111Filter Effects Monochrome Only Previous Settings112 Toning Monochrome OnlySelect Save/edit Creating Custom Picture ControlsSelect Manage Picture Control Edit the selected Picture ControlCustom Picture Controls Name the Picture Control114 Select Load/save Sharing Custom Picture ControlsCopying Custom Picture Controls to the Camera Select Copy to cameraChoose a destination Saving Custom Picture Controls to the Memory CardSelect Copy to card 116Deleting Custom Picture Controls from the Camera Managing Custom Picture ControlsRenaming Custom Picture Controls 118 Deleting Custom Picture Controls from the Memory CardSelect Delete from card Highlight Delete from card and pressSelect Active D-Lighting Active D-LightingSelect matrix metering Choose an optionADL Bracketing 120Active D-Lighting Versus D-Lighting For more informationMultiple Exposure Creating a Multiple Exposure122 Set gainSelect Done Highlight one of the following options and press J123 Other SettingsInterrupting Multiple Exposures GPS Data GP-1 GPS Unit124 Always be recorded Setup Menu Options125 Coordinated Universal Time UTC126 127 Rotate Tall Full-Frame Playback128 Image Review129 Photo InformationFile Information Protect status 139 File nameRGB Histogram 130131 HighlightsShooting Data Page 1 132 Shooting Data Page 2Shooting Data GPS Data 133162 Overview Data134 Thumbnail Playback 135Calendar Playback 136137 Use DescriptionTaking a Closer Look Playback Zoom 138Press the L button Protecting Photographs from DeletionSelect an image 139140 Deleting Individual PhotographsPress the O button Display the image or highlight it in the thumbnail listChoosing Background Music PictmotionChoosing Pictures Transitions142 Return to shooting modeViewing the Pictmotion Show Pause show see belowStart slide show Slide Shows143 Choose how long each picture will be displayed144 149 145147 Turn the camera off Viewing Photographs on TVStandard Definition Devices Connect the supplied audio video cable as shown147 High-Definition DevicesConnect the Hdmi cable as shown Hdmi pgSupported Operating Systems Connecting to a ComputerBefore Connecting the Camera Supplied SoftwareConnect the USB cable Connecting the CameraTurn the computer on Turn the camera on Transfer photographsPrinting Via Direct USB Connection Printing Photographs150 Turn the camera off Connect the USB cable Connecting the PrinterPrinting Pictures One at a Time Turn the camera on152 Adjust printing optionsDisplay printing options Press J to display PictBridge printing optionsDisplay the PictBridge menu Printing Multiple PicturesStart printing 153Select pictures or choose a date 154Menu 155To previous menu Selecting Photographs for Printing156 Creating Index PrintsSelect Index print Select pictures Creating a Dpof Print Order Print SetChoose Select/set Select imprint options158 Print Set Dpof159 Thumbnail Selection DThe Playback Menu Managing ImagesSelecting Multiple Pictures Highlight a date Date SelectionPress J to complete the operation Select the highlighted dateHide Image DeletePlayback Folder 162Rotate Tall Display ModeImage Review Pictmotion164 Slide ShowPrint Set Dpof CThe Shooting Menu Shooting Options Active D-Lighting ISO Sensitivity SettingsISO Sensitivity Auto Control P, S, and a Modes Only 166167 Color SpaceLong Exp. NR Long Exposure Noise Reduction XAdobe RGBOption Description High High ISO NR168 Low169 Active FolderNaming and Renaming Folders Folder names can be up to five characters long. ToQuality Movie settingMultiple Exposure Sound171 ACustom Settings Fine-Tuning Camera SettingsCustom Settings are used to customize camera Restore defaults for the current Custom Settings pg Reset Custom SettingsFollowing Custom Settings are available Exit without changing Custom SettingsA1 AF-area Mode 173A3 Built-in AF-assist Illuminator See page 54 for more information on focus settingsA2 Center Focus Point 174175 A4 AF Point IlluminationA5 Focus Point Wrap-Around 176 A6 AE-L/AF-L for MB-D80A7 Live View Autofocus B2 Easy Exposure Compensation Metering/ExposureB1 EV Steps for Exposure Cntrl 177178 B3 Center-Weighted AreaB4 Fine Tune Optimal Exposure C3 Self-Timer Timers/AE LockC2 Auto Meter-off Delay C1 Shutter-Release Button AE-LC5 Remote on Duration C4 Monitor off DelayShooting/Display D1 BeepD4 Viewfinder Warning Display D3 ISO Display and AdjustmentD2 Viewfinder Grid Display 181D7 File Number Sequence D6 CL Mode Shooting SpeedD5 Screen Tips 182D9 LCD Illumination D10 Exposure Delay ModeD8 Shooting Info Display D11 Flash WarningD12 MB-D80 Battery Type 184E2 Flash Cntrl for Built-in Flash Bracketing/FlashE1 Flash Shutter Speed 185Flash Control Mode 186187 ManualRepeating Flash Output188 Commander ModeAdjust settings for the built-in flash ModeSelect the channel Press J Compose the shot Adjust settings for group aAdjust settings for group B Set the remote flash units to the selected channel190 Raise the built-in flashFrame the photograph, focus, and shoot White Balance Bracketing E3 Modeling FlashE4 Auto Bracketing Set Select white balance bracketingSelect a white balance increment 192ADL Bracketing Canceling BracketingEnable bracketing Select ADL bracketing194 195 E5 Auto FPE6 Bracketing Order Controls F1 DSwitchF2 OK Button Shooting Mode 196F3 Assign FUNC. Button 197Lock flash level FV LockAssign FV lock to the Fn button 198Release FV lock Using FV Lock with the Built-in FlashUsing FV Lock with Optional Flash Units 199200 Again to cancel FV lockF4 Assign AE-L/AF-L Button Option Description AE/AF lockF6 No Memory Card? F5 Customize Command DialsF7 Reverse Indicators 201LCD Brightness BThe Setup Menu Camera SetupFormat Memory Card 202Video Mode Clean Image SensorLock Mirror up for Cleaning 203204 World TimeLanguage Daylight205 Image CommentAuto Image Rotation Automatically during image review pgImage Dust off Ref Photo Frame a featureless white object in the viewfinderDImage Sensor Cleaning Choose a start optionImage Dust Off Reference Data Acquire dust off reference data207 Firmware Version Battery InfoEye-Fi Upload 208NThe Retouch Menu Creating Retouched Copies 209Creating Retouched Copies Creating Retouched Copies in Full-Frame PlaybackDisplay retouch options Creating Retouched Copies from the Retouch MenuSelect an item in the retouch menu 211Red-Eye Correction Cancel zoomLighting 212Trim Image Quality and Size Trim213 Possible sizesMonochrome 214Intensify reds Red intensifier , greens Green intensifier Filter Effects215 Select Choose size Color BalanceSmall Picture 216Viewing Small Pictures Choose the desired size217 Display NEF RAW images Image OverlaySelect Image overlay Highlight a photographPreview the overlay Select the second photographHighlight the Preview column Save the overlaySelect NEF RAW processing Adjust NEF RAW processing settingsNEF RAW Processing Select a photographCopy the photograph Quick RetouchStraighten 221222 Distortion ControlFisheye Select Side-by-side comparison Side-by-Side ComparisonMaking a Side-by-Side Comparison Compare the copy with the originalChoose Tab Choosing a Custom Menu MRecent Settings/OMy MenuMRecent Settings Viewing Recent Settings Select Choose tabDeleting Options from My Menu OMy Menu Creating a Custom MenuAdding Options to My Menu Select Rank items Reordering Options in My MenuDelete the selected items Position the item227 Calculating Picture Angle Compatible Lenses228 Lens f-numberAF-S/AF-I Teleconverter Compatible CPU Lenses1229 Compatible Non-CPU Lenses Non-CPU Lenses1230 AF-Assist Illumination 231Red-Eye Reduction AF-S DX 12-24mm f/4G ED AF 24-85mm f/2.8-4D232 Lens Zoom position Min. range233 Optional Flash Units SpeedlightsNikon Creative Lighting System CLS CLS-Compatible Flash Units Principal features of these flash units are listed belowUse Only Nikon Flash Accessories 234235 ZoomOther Flash Units 23624-34 mm 23717-105 mm 400Flash Contacts Accessory ShoeAS-15 Accessory Shoe Adapter 238Other Accessories 239240 241 Connect to accessory terminal to record latitude, longitudeRemote Controls Altitude, and UTC time with pictures pgSanDisk Approved Memory Cards242 Storage CleaningCaring for the Camera 243Select Clean now Clean NowDisplay the Clean image sensor menu Low-Pass FilterSelect an option Clean at Startup/ShutdownSelect Clean at startup/shutdown 245Manual Cleaning Foreign Matter on the Low-Pass Filter Use a Reliable Power Source247 248 Caring for the Camera and Battery CautionsLens contacts Keep the lens contacts clean 249 Meter-off delay or c4 Monitor off delay TroubleshootingProblem Solution DisplayImage quality set to NEF RAW Shooting All Modes251 IlluminatorShooting P, S, A, M Adjust Set Picture Control settingsShooting i, j, k, l, m, n, and o modes 252Select All for Playback folder. Note that Current is Playback253 Select On for Rotate tallDate of recording is not Set camera clock Correct Miscellaneous254 255 Error MessagesIndicator Format the card 256Formatted Images257 258 Available Settings and DefaultsAppendix Appendix covers the following topics259 Option Default 260E5 Auto FP Off E6 Bracketing order 261E3 Modeling flash Off E4 Auto bracketing set 262 Custom Setting d6 CL mode shooting speed pgMemory Card Capacity Exposure Program 263Bracketing Increment Bracketing Progress Indicator and Number of FramesBracketing Programs 264Shutter Speeds Available with the Built-in Flash Mode Shutter speedFlash Control 265266 Mode 200 400Aperture, Sensitivity, and Flash Range Range267 SpecificationsNikon D90 Digital Camera 268 269 270 271 272 273 Supported Standards 274Six AA batteries MB-D80 Approximately 1900 shots Battery Life275 Index 276277 Image comment Image Dust Off ref photo, 206 Image file278 OK button shooting mode, 196 Optional flashPage 6MB03011-01
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