Kodak E-40 manual Processing, Image Structure

Daylight

Use the exposures in the following table for average frontlit subjects from 2 hours after sunrise to 2 hours before sunset.

	Shutter	Lens
Lighting Conditions	Speed
		Opening
	(second)
Bright or Hazy Sun on	1/125	f/8
Light Sand or Snow
Bright or Hazy Sun (Distinct Shadows)	1/125	f/5.6*
Weak, Hazy Sun (Soft Shadows)	1/125	f/4
Cloudy Bright (No Shadows)	1/60	f/4
Heavy Overcast or Open Shade†	1/60	f/2.8

* Use f/2.8 for backlit close-up subjects.

† Subject shaded from the sun but lighted by a large area of clear sky.

Electronic Flash

Use the guide number in the following table as a starting point for your equipment. Select the unit output closest to the number given by your flash manufacturer. Then find the guide number for feet or metres.

To determine the lens opening, divide the guide number by the flash-to-subject distance. If negatives are consistently too dense (overexposed), use a higher guide number; if they are too thin (underexposed), use a lower number.

Unit Output	Guide Number
(BCPS)*	For Distances in Feet/Metres
350	20/6
500	24/7
700	30/9
1000	35/11
1400	40/12
2000	50/15
2800	60/18
4000	70/21
5600	85/26
8000	100/30

* BCPS = beam candlepower seconds

Adjustments for Long and Short Exposures

No filter correction or exposure compensation is required for exposures from 1/10,000 second to 100 seconds. We do not recommend exposures longer than 100 seconds.

PROCESSING

Process KODAK ROYAL GOLD 25 Film in KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals for Process C-41. For more information, see KODAK Publication No. Z-131, Using KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals.

IMAGE STRUCTURE

Sharpness:	Extremely High
Degree of Enlargement:	Extremely High
Print Grain Index:	Less than 25

Print Grain Index

The Print Grain Index number refers to a method of defining graininess in a print made with diffuse-printing illumination. It replaces rms granularity and has a different scale which cannot be compared to rms granularity.

•This method uses a uniform perceptual scale, with a change of four units equaling a just noticeable difference in graininess to 90 percent of observers..

•A Print Grain Index rating of 25 on the scale represents the approximate visual threshold for graininess. A higher number indicates an increase in the amount of graininess observed.

•The standardized inspection (print-to-viewer) distance for all print sizes is 14 inches, the typical viewing distance for a 4 x 6-inch print.

•In practice, larger prints will likely be viewed from distances greater than 14 inches, which reduces apparent graininess.

•Print Grain Index numbers may not represent graininess observed from more specular printing illuminants, such as condenser enlargers.

The Print Grain Index number printed in this publication applies to the following standards:

Negative size:	24 x 36 mm
	(135 size)
Print size:	4 x 6 inches
Magnification:	4.4X

2 KODAK ROYAL GOLD 25 Film ∙ E-40