Midi Messages In-Depth, Program & Bank Changes

KeyRIg 49 User Guide

MIDI Messages In-Depth

Program & Bank Changes

When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change messages (0-127). As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed.

The language MIDI uses to communicate between musical instruments only allows for program change commands 0-127, for a total of 128 possible programs (127 programs + program “0” = 128 programs total). Because of inherent limitations of the MIDI communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using

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program change messages) cannot easily be expanded beyond 128. Thus, a system of banks, with 128 sounds in each, has been created that enables manufacturers to overcome the 128-sound MIDI limit.

128 Banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic principle used to expand the number of accessible sounds. However, to avoid reaching the new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds (128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change combined with a program change, another layer of banks was added. The result is a system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub- banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds (programs) within them.

Bank change messages are useful when calling up sounds from a large library that may exist in a particular sound module or software synth. For example devices that are built with Roland’s GS specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require you to specify a bank change in order to access the extra voices and effects that these devices provide.

MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Significant Byte) message. This MIDI message is 7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128 banks. This message can be used in conjunction

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with MIDI CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional selection of any of another 128 sub-banks. The combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible 16,384 banks. Each bank

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49 specifications

The M-Audio 49 is a versatile and compact MIDI keyboard controller designed for musicians, producers, and performers. Featuring a 49-key layout, this controller provides an excellent balance between portability and functionality. Its velocity-sensitive keys allow for expressive play, making it suitable for various musical genres, whether you're composing electronic tracks or playing classical piano melodies.

One of the standout features of the M-Audio 49 is its user-friendly interface. With a variety of assignable controls, including knobs, faders, and buttons, users can easily map these elements to their preferred software parameters, enhancing the overall workflow. This customization capability is a key advantage for those looking to streamline their music production process.

The M-Audio 49 supports both USB and MIDI connectivity, making it compatible with a wide range of devices and software. The USB connection allows for easy plug-and-play functionality, while the traditional MIDI output offers the ability to connect to external synthesizers and sound modules. This dual connectivity ensures that artists can integrate the controller into any studio setup with ease.

Additionally, the M-Audio 49 incorporates advanced technologies, such as MIDI controller functionality that extends well beyond traditional keyboard playing. It includes features like pitch bend and modulation wheels, providing further control over the sound and performance dynamics. The incorporation of velocity sensitivity enhances the touch response, allowing musicians to add subtle nuances to their playing.

The keyboard is also designed with portability in mind, making it an ideal choice for musicians on the go. Its lightweight construction and compact design allow for easy transport without sacrificing key range or playability. This makes it a perfect fit for live performances or studio sessions where space is limited.

Moreover, the M-Audio 49 often comes bundled with an impressive array of software, which may include digital audio workstations and virtual instruments. This software package enhances the value of the controller, providing users with everything needed to start creating music right out of the box.

In summary, the M-Audio 49 is a powerful and flexible MIDI controller that combines portability, functionality, and an intuitive interface. Its key features, such as assignable controls, dual connectivity, advanced technologies, and bundled software, make it an attractive option for musicians looking to enhance their creative possibilities. Whether you're in the studio or performing live, the M-Audio 49 stands out as a reliable tool for music production.