Introduction

As regulated-power supply technology evolves, testing methods for design verification and product function require more sophisticated electronic equip- ment. The different power supply architectures and output combinations also dictate the need for versatile test instruments that can accommodate a broad range of specifications. As a result, one test- ing requirement that has been growing in impor- tance is the method of loading the power supply under test. The need for a higher degree of load control due to test sophistication, such as the need for computer programmability, has increased the demand for electronic load instruments. The follow- ing examination of the most common power supply architectures or topologies clearly illustrates the growing need for higher performance and versatility in electronic loads and power supply test equipment.

An Overview of Power Supply Topologies

Of all the possible power supply topologies, linear and switching regulation techniques are the most common design implementations. Linear power supplies are typically used in R&D environments and in production test systems because they pro- vide high performance, low PARD (ripple and noise), excellent line and load regulation, and superior transient recovery time specifications. However,

they are relatively inefficient when compared to switching power supplies, and tend to be large and heavy due to the heat sinks required to contin- uously dissipate power from the series transistors and due to the magnetics used in this design. Typi- cally, linear power supplies provide a most effec- tive solution in lower power applications, and are often used as subassemblies in various products.

Switching power supplies address the disadvan- tages of linear power supplies (namely the low effi- ciency and relatively large size and weight), and are therefore a more effective and less costly solu- tion for high power applications. The relative dis- advantages occur in three areas when compared to linear power supplies: slower transient recovery time, higher PARD, and lower reliability. Switching power supplies are used in a wide variety of indus- tries and environments, and are commonly found as subassemblies in products such as computers, computer peripherals, and copiers. Recent power supply designs combine the best features of switch- ing and linear topologies. Below, Table 1 compares the typical specifications for linear and switching topologies.

Table 1

Regulation	Load	Line	Transient
Technique	Regulation	Regulation	Response	PARD	Efficiency

Switching	0.05 – 0.5%	0.05 – 0.5%	1 – 20 ms	5 – 20 mVrms	65 – 85%
				20 – 150 mVp-p

Linear	0.005 – 0.1%	0.005 – 0.1%	20 – 200 µs	0.25 – 5 mVrms	30 – 50%
(Series Pass)				1.0 – 15 mVp-p

AN 372-1 specifications

Agilent Technologies AN 372-1 is a versatile and highly regarded instrument in the field of electronic testing and measurement. Designed primarily for research and development, as well as validation in production environments, this advanced technology showcases Agilent's commitment to providing high-quality measurement solutions.

One of the standout features of the AN 372-1 is its wide frequency range capability, enabling it to effectively measure signals across various applications. This instrument supports a frequency range extending up to 26.5 GHz, making it suitable for high-frequency applications in telecommunications, aerospace, and defense sectors. With this broad frequency capability, users can rely on the AN 372-1 for accurate and reliable measurements in the most demanding environments.

Another significant attribute of the AN 372-1 is its high dynamic range, which allows for precise detection of both weak and strong signals in the presence of noise. This characteristic is essential for engineers working to ensure signal integrity in complex systems, as it allows for the identification of issues that may otherwise go unnoticed. Coupled with a fast sweep speed, the device can quickly capture transient events or changes in signals, making it a vital tool for time-sensitive applications.

The user interface of the AN 372-1 is designed for ease of use, with a touchscreen display that simplifies interaction and data visualization. Its intuitive design enables users to set up measurements and navigate through the many options effortlessly. Furthermore, the instrument is equipped with advanced analysis features and software that enhance data interpretation and manipulation, allowing engineers to derive meaningful insights from their measurements quickly.

In addition to its measurement capabilities, the AN 372-1 supports advanced connectivity options, including USB, LAN, and GPIB. This ensures seamless integration with other instruments and systems, facilitating a more streamlined testing workflow. The ability to connect with external software also enhances its functionality, allowing users to automate processes and improve test efficiency.

The AN 372-1's rugged design ensures it can withstand the challenges of both laboratory and field use. Its build quality speaks to Agilent's commitment to creating long-lasting instruments that offer reliable performance throughout their lifecycle. Overall, the Agilent Technologies AN 372-1 stands out as a comprehensive tool for engineers and researchers requiring precise, reliable, and efficient electronic measurements across a myriad of applications.