Intel SIM4-02 manual Directives

A breakpoint register is associated with the simulated execution mode of operation, allowing the user to pre-set a location which will cause an interrupt before execution. The BREAK key on the teletype may also be used to interrupt execution and some other types of output.

During'simulated execution, a count is kept of the number of simulated machine cycles (i.e., sync pulses) used by the test program, to assist in checking out programs with critical timing problems.

4.0 DIRECTIVES

lin Binary conversion

This directive accepts a single (decimal) number, and types out its equivalent in binary. A maximum of 12 bits (num- bers to 4095) may be accomodated at once.

=n Decimal adder

This directive accepts a string of (decimal) numbers separated by plus and minus signs, and types out the algabraic

sum, modulo 4096. If the algebraic sum is negative, 4095 is logically added to it to give a positive result. This directive may be used to perform binary to decimal conversion thus: =Bnnnn

Or,s,e RAM/ROM chip assignment

This directive must be entered before any other letter directive. If the first character after the 0 is a space or comma, the current values are typed out. Then, or immediately after the Q, three parameters separated by commas or spaces are required. If any of the three parameters is omitted, or if a RETURN is typed instead of the first parameter, the current values will be unchanged. r is the (decimal) RAM register number (0-63)which is used as the lowest in the block allocated to ROM. The simulation program has no way of preventing the test program from accessing RAM loca- tions allocated to simulated ROM, so the user must use care in selecting a value for this parameter which will reduce the likelihood of improper access. If r is greater than 63, the previous value is used. s is the starting address of the ROM segment to be simulated. Any attempt to execute an instruction with an address less than this number will result in an out-of-bounds interrupt. e is the (decimal) ending address of the ROM segment to be simulated. Any program access to ROM locations greater than this address will result in an out-of-bounds interrupt. This directive clears the option word to zeroes.

ZZero

This directive simulates the hardware reset function, and clears to zero all simulated registers, counters, and all RAMs not allocated to program. The Q directive executes a Z each time the parameters are changed.

In Input

This directive accepts a sequence of (binary) numbers and stores them in consecutive simulated ROM locations, begin- ning with location n. Spaces, commas, returns, and linefeeds may occur with any frequency or pattern between the individual numbers. Input is terminated by a free-standing letter F in the sequence. An ASCII SOH (control A) may be used to introduce a (decimal) number which, like n, becomes the new starting address for subsequent instruction bytes. The program counter in the current stack level is altered by this directive.

Pn,m Punch

This directive will punch out, in "BNPF" format with location numbers, the contents of the simulated ROM beginning at location n (decimaJ), and ending with location m. The currently selected program counter, and the breakpoint regis- ter are altered by this directive. Four inches of leader and trailer are punched on the tape, with an "F" after the last location. If the BREAK key on the teletype is depressed between locations, the typeout will be aborted, with no trailer. Both the breakpoint register and the program counter in the current stack level are altered by this directive.

Mn,i Memory input

This directive accepts a sequence of (decimal) numbers (0-15)and stores them sequentially in consecutive RAM loca- tions, beginning in register n (decimal, 0-63)and location i (decimal, 0-19).If the starting location is in main memory (i less than 16), only main memory locations are filled. The next number after the one which goes into register r, digit 15, goes into register r + 1, digit O. If the starting location is a status character (i greater than 15), only status characters are filled. The sequence ends with a carriage return following the terminal delimiter of the last number.

Dr, n Dump RAM

This directive types out in decimal the contents of each RAM location (both main memory and status) of n registers, beginning with register r. The typeout may be ended prematurely by depressing the BREAK key.

2