Preparation

Placing the Ampliﬁer

Put your ampliﬁer to a place with adequate ventilation. Do not put it on thick carpeting (which can restrict air ﬂow) or near a heat source, such as a heat vent or radiator (which can cause overheating).

Placing Speakers

Speaker placement depends on your room’s size and arrangement. We recommend you play a wide-range recording and experiment with speaker placement until you ﬁnd the locations that result in best sound. For best results, point the speakers toward the listeners, especially if you place the speakers far apart so their coverage areas overlap. This prevents dead spots (areas not covered by the speakers’ sound). Position the speakers slightly above the level of the listeners’ heads, and be sure you have determined the correct speaker impedance (see “Total Speaker Impedance” on Page 9).

Presetting the Controls

Before you begin making connections or using your ampliﬁer, preset the audio input and ampliﬁer controls to avoid overdriving a channel or producing extremely loud, unpleasant sound.

Presetting the Audio Input Sources

Set the audio input controls to these levels.

Audio Device	Control	Setting
Turntable	Power	Off
Tape Deck	Power	Off
CD Player	Power	Off
Ampliﬁer Receiver	Power,	Off,
Ampliﬁer Receiver	Tone	Flat
	Tone	Flat

Presetting the Ampliﬁer

After you turn on the ampliﬁer or change the program source, set the controls to a comfortable listening level.

Warning: To prevent possible hearing damage, set the ampliﬁer’s controls to the levels below.

	Control	Setting
	Power	Off
	MIC 1, MIC 2, PHONO/AUX	MIN
	100 Hz, 1 kHz, 8 kHz	0 dB (mid-position)
	MASTER VOLUME	MIN

Preparation

Tips for Speaker Connection

You can connect one or more 4, 8, or 16 speakers (not supplied) to the ampliﬁer, with or without transformers. To ensure equal volume from each speaker, all the speakers connected (in series or parallel) without line transformers should have the same impedance rating.

Total Speaker Impedance

Before you connect speakers to the ampliﬁer, determine the speaker connection mode: in series, in parallel, or in series and parallel combination, then determine the total speaker impedance.

For connections in series, the total impedance is the sum of the impedances of all the speakers connected. For example, if you connect three 4 speakers in series, the total speaker impedance is 12.

For connections in parallel, the total impedance is the quotient of the impedance of one speaker divided by the number of speakers. For example, if you connect two 8 speakers in parallel, the total speaker impedance is 4.

Important: If you connect more than two speakers in series only or in parallel only, be sure the total impedance does not exceed the ampliﬁer’s maximum impedance (16) or fall below the minimum impedance (4). A total speaker impedance higher than 16 or lower than 4 can damage your ampliﬁer.

Note: You can achieve a proper total speaker impedance with a combination of connections in series and in parallel.

Proper Phasing

Proper phasing is important when you use more than one speaker in the same room or area. Out-of-phase speakers can lose up to half of their potential volume, and can have a signiﬁcantly decreased bass effect. Proper phasing occurs when speakers are set to allow sound to ﬂow in the same direction.

About Speaker Terminals

Most speaker terminals are color-coded or have a symbol that indicates the terminal’s polarity: red (+) = positive; black (–) = negative. Phasing is correct when you connect this way: speaker’s negative terminal to ampliﬁer’s COM terminal (–), speaker’s positive terminal to ampliﬁer’s other terminals.

Determining the Speaker Wire Length

Use the shortest length of wire possible to connect the speakers. After placing the speakers in the desired locations, determine the wire length and choose the appropriate gauge size.

•If wire length is 25 feet (7.6 meters) or less, wire gauge is 18.

•If wire length is over 25 feet, wire gauge is 16.

If you connect speakers without transformers, the speaker wire should be no longer than 50 feet (15.24 meters).

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