American Power Conversion POWERCELL user manual Load transfer switch, Battery charger, Inverter

4.0 Principles of operation

4.2 Load transfer switch

The load transfer switch is actually an electro-dynamic relay which serves to rapidlytransferyourcomputerequipment(load)fromtheutilitytothePowerCell’s alternate power source in the event of a utility failure. When the utility is restored to within safe limits, the switch acts to re-transfer the load to the utility. Except for the user control switches, the transfer switch is the only moving part in the PowerCell. The time required for the relay to transfer your load to either power source is much, much faster than that which is required by any modern computer or computer peripheral device.

4.3 Battery charger

In the event of utility failure, the PowerCell supplies power to your equipment derived from energy taken from a battery. The PowerCell’s battery charger converts the alternating current (AC) supplied by the utility to a direct current (DC) which is compatible with the battery. The charger maintains the battery at a constant voltage to ensure that the battery will have the capacity to support your load as often as possible. This charging method, known as “float” charging, provides maximum battery service life and minimal internal heating. The battery charger operates whenever the PowerCell is plugged in, whether or not the UPS is turned on.

4.4 Battery

The PowerCell’s battery is an energy source much like the battery in an automo- bile. Also, like most automobile batteries, the PowerCell’s battery is a modern maintenance free lead-acid type; it is sealed and leakproof. The battery has a typical service life of 3 to 6 years. The service life is extended when the PowerCell is kept in a cool environment, below 30°C or 86°F.

4.5 Inverter

The PowerCell must convert the battery’s energy into a form that your computer equipment can rely upon during a utility failure. This is the job of the UPS’s inverter. The PowerCell converts the battery’s DC toAC using solid state devices (transistors), controlled using a technique known technically as “pulse width modulation”. This technique is highly efficient which means that little battery power is wasted in the conversion process. Hence, your equipment can run for long periods from the PowerCell before the battery’s capacity is spent.

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