Epson 4SLC2-50 Using Memory

Using Memory

Your computer comes with 4MB or 8MB of memory, and you may have installed an optional expansion memory module to increase the total amount. This section describes how the memory in your computer works. Also be sure to see your MS-DOS manual for complete information on memory management.

A computer’s memory is divided into three types: conventional, reserved, and extended. The following diagram shows the relationships between these types of memory and their addresses.

All memory in a computer is managed using addresses—numbers that describe the location of each byte of data. Each memory chip must have its own set of unique addresses so that the operating system knows where to store and find data.

Conventional memoy is memory that MS-DOS recognizes and manages directly. The size of conventional memory is limited to 640KB and has addresses in the range 0 to 640KB.

Reserved memory is memory in the range 640KB to lMB. The system enhances its performance by using 128KB of this memory as shadow RAM, and the remaining memory is available.

2-16Using Your Computer

Contents

Page Page Page Page Page Important Safety Instructions Page Instructions Importances de Sécurité Page Contents INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 SETTING UP THE COMPUTER CHAPTER 2 USING YOUR COMPUTER CHAPTER 3 POWERING THE COMPUTER CHAPTER 4 CONNECTING OPTIONAL DEVICES CHAPTER 6 USING THE VGA UTILITIES APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING APPENDIX B FAX/MODEM APPENDIX C SPECIFICATIONS GLOSSARY INDEX Introduction Standard Configuration 2 Introduction Optional Equipment Where to Get Help Introduction 4 Introduction How to Use This Manual Conventions Used in This Manual 6Introduction Setting Up the Computer Identifying the System Parts Front View LCD screen Suspend/resume switch Brightness switch Contrast switch Keyboard area LEDs Power button DC input port Release button Diskette drive Side Battery compartment cover External VGA port (VIDEO) Parallel port (PRINTER) Serial port (COM 1) Serial port (COM 2) Connecting the AC Adapter Page Opening the Screen Connecting the Trackball Turning On the Computer Hit you want to run Pause Page Using Your Computer Taking Care of the Computer Backing Up the VGA Utilities Using the Password Function Typing the Password Using the Keyboard Special Keys Special key functions (continued) NumLock, CapsLock Scroll Lock Using F11 and F12 Using the Embedded Numeric Keypad Resetting the Computer Turning Off the Computer Changing the CPU Speed Using the LCD Screen Using Diskettes Inserting and Removing Diskettes Write-protectingDiskettes Making Backup Copies Using a Single Diskette Drive System Using a Hard Disk Backing Up the Hard Disk Using Memory Page Powering the Computer Using the AC Adapter Using the Battery Pack Replacing the Battery Pack Page Page Recharging the Battery Low Battery Indicator Using the Suspend/Resume Switch Using Setup to Conserve Battery Power Connecting Optional Devices Connecting an External Monitor VIDEO Connecting a Parallel Printer Connecting a Serial Device Page Checking the Serial Port Settings Using the EXT KB Port Connecting An Optional Pointing Device Connecting an External Keyboard Connecting the Internal Fax/Modem Adding Memory Modules or a Numeric Coprocessor Removing the Keyboard WARNING Installing a Memory Module Page Page Installing a Numeric Coprocessor Page Replacing the Keyboard Page Running Setup Starting the Setup Program Changing the Settings Automatically Configuring Your System Saving Your Selections Changing the Standard CMOS Setup STANDARD CMOS SETUP options 5-6 Running Setup Changing the Advanced CMOS Setup ADVANCED CMOS SETUP options 5-8 Running Setup ADVANCED CMOS SETUP options (continued) Changing the Advanced Chipset Setup ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP options Highlight the option you want to change and press Changing the Password Hard Disk Utility Hard Disk Format Auto Interleave Media Analysis Using the VGA Utilities Microsoft Windows, Version Using the VGACONF Utility Program Viewing the Display Status Changing Settings with Select Option Page Setting the Standby Timer Using VGACONF From the Command Line VGACONF command options (continued) VGACONF SIMUL VGACONF SIM SIM VGACONF PANEL NOATTREMUL NOBOLD NOEXPAND VGACONF PAN NOA NOB NOE VGACONF -S VGACONF -M=4 6-8 Using the VGA Utilities Troubleshooting Identifying Your System Error Messages The Computer Won’t Start Battery Problems AC Adapter Problems The LCD Screen Is Blank The External Monitor Screen Is Blank The Computer Locks Up Password Problems Diskette Problems Diskette Drive Problems Hard Disk Problems Software Problems Printer Problems Memory Module Problems Trackball or Pointing Device Problems External Keyboard Problems Numeric Coprocessor Problems CMOS Battery Problems Fax/Modem Page Built-inCommand Set When to Issue Built-inCommands AT Command Summary AT Command Summary (continued) Fax/Modem B-5 Dial Modifiers MNP Command Summary MNP Command Summary (continued) B-8 Fax/Modem Fax/Modem B-9 AT Register Summary Option Registers S22 Bitmapped configuration register B-12 Fax/Modem Page MNP Register Summary Result Code Summary Main Unit CPU System memory ROM BIOS Controllers Diskette drive Hard disk LCD External VGA Keyboard Mass Storage Diskette drives Hard disk drive LCD Display Physical Dimensions Height Width Depth Weight (with Power Source Requirements Glossary 387SX 486SLC AC adapter Address speed CMOS CMOS ROM COM1 COM2 CONFIG.SYS file Control code Coprocessor Copy-protectedprogram CPU speed CRT Device driver Double-density Drive Driver Embedded numeric keypad EMS or Expanded memory File Format Graphics High-density Interface Math coprocessor See Megahertz Memory Memory module Memory-residentprogram MHz Microprocessor Modem NiCad Numeric coprocessor Numeric keypad Operating speed Parallel Port Power-ondiagnostics RAM Read/write head Real-timeclock Root directory RS-232C Self tests Serial Setup Shadow RAM Suspend mode Timeout period VGA Write-protect Index CPU 2Index Page 4Index C-3 also 6 Index Page Epson America (USA) Epson America (International)