substituted for the hour and minute of the modi®cation time. If the ®le is a special ®le, the size ®eld contains the major and minor device numbers rather than a size. If the ®le is a symbolic link, the ®lename is printed, followed by ->and the pathname of the referenced ®le.
-mStream output format.
-nThe same as -l, (ell) except that the owner's UID and group's GID numbers are printed, rather than the associated character strings.
-oThe same as -l, (ell) except that only the owner is printed (group is omitted). (If both -l(ell) and -oare speci®ed, the group is not printed).
-pPut a slash (/) after each ®le name if that ®le is a directory. -qList nonprinting characters in ®le names as the character (?).
-rReverse the order of sort to get reverse (descending) collation or oldest ®rst, as appropriate.
-sList size in blocks, including indirect blocks, for each entry. The ®rst entry listed is the total number of blocks in the directory. When used in multicolumn output, the number of blocks precedes the ®le name in each column. The number of indirect blocks in a ®le is ®lesystem depen- dent.
-tSort by time modi®ed (latest ®rst) before sorting alphabetically.
-uUse time of last access instead of last modi®cation for sorting (-toption) or printing (-l(ell) option).
-xList multicolumn output with entries sorted across rather than down the page.
-AThe same as -a, except that the current directory . and parent directory .. are not listed. For a user with appropriate privileges, this ¯ag defaults to on, and is turned off by -A.
-CList multicolumn output with entries sorted down the columns. -FAfter each ®le name, put one of:
∙A slash (/) if the ®le is a directory or a symbolic link to a directory.
∙An asterisk (*) if the ®le is executable;
∙An at-sign (@) if the ®le is a symbolic link to a ®le;
∙A vertical bar () if the ®le is a ®fo.
-LIf the argument is a symbolic link, list the ®le or directory to which the link refers rather than the link itself.
-RRecursively list subdirectories encountered.
-1(one) List the ®le names in single column format regardless of the output device. This forces single column format to the user's terminal.
Specifying more than one of the options in the following mutually exclusive pairs is not considered an error: -Cand -l(ell), -mand -l(ell), -xand -l(ell), -Cand -1(one), and -cand -u.
ls is known by several shorthand-version names for the various formats:
lis equivalent to ls -m
llis equivalent to ls -l(ell) lsf is equivalent to ls -F lsr is equivalent to ls -R lsx is equivalent to ls -x
The shorthand notations are implemented as links to ls. Option arguments to the shorthand versions behave exactly as if the long form above had been used with the additional arguments.
Mode Bits Interpretation (-l option)
The mode printed in listings produced by the -l(ell) option consists of 10 characters, for example, -rwxr-xr-x.
The ®rst character indicates the entry type:
bBlock special ®le
cCharacter special ®le
dDirectory
HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000 | − 2 − | Section 1−481 |
