l

ls(1)

ls(1)

lSymbolic link

nNetwork special ®le

pFifo (also called a "named pipe") special ®le s Socket

- Ordinary ®le

The next 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three characters each which identify access and execution permissions for the owner, group, and others categories, as described in chmod(1). The - indicates the permission is not granted. The various permissions can be put together in any combination, except that the x, s, S, t, and T characters are mutually exclusive, as implied below.

-r--------

Read by owner

--w-------

Write by owner

---x------

Execute (or search directory) by owner; do not set user ID on execution

---s------

Execute/search by owner; set user ID on execution

---S------

No execute/search by owner; set user ID on execution

----r-----

Read by group

-----w----

Write by group

------x---

Execute/search by group; do not set group ID on execution

------s---

Execute/search by group; set group ID on execution

------S---

No execute/search by group; set group ID on execution

-------r--

Read by others

--------w-

Write by others

---------x

Execute/search by others; do not set sticky bit on execution

---------t

Execute/search by others; set sticky bit on execution

---------T

No execute/search by others; set sticky bit on execution

The mode characters are interpreted as follows:

-Deny all permissions in the corresponding position.

rGrant read permission to the corresponding user class.

wGrant write permission to the corresponding user class.

xGrant execute (or search in directory) permission to the corresponding user class.

sGrant execute (search) permission to the corresponding user class. Execute the ®le as if by the owner (set user ID, SUID) or group (set group ID, SGID), as indicated by position.

SDeny execute (search) permission to the corresponding user class. Execute the ®le as if by the owner (set user ID, SUID) or group (set group ID, SGID), as indicated by position.

tGrant execute (search) permission to others. The "sticky" (save text image) bit is set (see the description of S_ISVTX in chmod(2)).

TDeny execute (search directory) permission to others. The "sticky" (save text image) bit is set.

When an option is speci®ed that results in a listing of directory and/or ®le sizes in bytes or blocks (such as the -sor -l(ell) option), a total count of blocks, including indirect blocks, is also printed at the beginning of the listing.

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

If a ®le has optional ACL entries, the -l(ell) option displays a plus sign (+) after the ®le's permissions. The permissions shown are a summary representation of the ®le's access control list, as returned by stat() in the st_mode ®eld (see stat(2)). To list the contents of an access control list, use the lsacl command (see lsacl(1) and acl(5)) for HFS ®le systems, or the getacl command (see getacl(1) and aclv(5)) for JFS ®le systems.

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

Environment Variables

If the COLUMNS variable is set, ls uses the width provided in determining positioning of columnar output.

LANG determines the locale to use for the locale categories when both LC_ALL and the corresponding environment variable (beginning with LC_) do not specify a locale. If LANG is not set or is null, it defaults to C (see lang(5)).

LC_COLLATE determines the order in which the output is sorted.

Section 1−482

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HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000