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For time exposures turn the shutter ring (p) until the required aperture is opposite the setting mark
(q)on the green scale for time exposures. The automatic control is now disengaged. The shutter remains open for as long as you keep the release button pressed. You are thus able to expose your pictures as long as you want.
For time exposures the camera should be mounted on a tripod. A cable release - which screws into the socket (r) - should also be used.
Close-ups between 3 and 8 feet
When taking pictures of subjects closer than 8 feet you must watch for parallax error. This is caused by the viewfinder being about an inch or so above the camera lens, so that at close distances the viewfinder will not show exactly what will appear on the film. To indicate the amount of parallax error at 3 feet, the "bright line" of the finder has a small mark on each side near the top. You must imagine a line running across the finder joining these two marks (the broken line in the illustration), and keep the top of your subject below it. Of course there will be a little more of the subject included at the bottom of the picture to compensate for the loss at the top. With subjects farther away than 3 feet the error decreases, and beyond 8 feet you don't need to worry at all.