MK Sound LFE-4 operation manual Introduction

Bass Management Controller

By combining a carefully designed low frequency acoustic rolloff of all the main speakers, including the surrounds, and a matching 2nd order electronic filter in the M&K Bass Management Controller, M&K achieves all the theoretical benefits of a 4th order Linkwitz-Riley filter. In addition, to further create a seamless bass managed system, we use only non-ported sealed cabinet designs on all our speakers and subwoofers, eliminating ported speaker phase anomalies which would prohibit smooth transitions at the bass managed crossover frequency.

Another good reason for using bass management in the control room is that even the least expensive Dolby Digital consumer decoder, found in millions of homes, has bass management built in, allowing the bass from all channels to be fed to a single subwoofer. Also, all Home THX systems utilize an 80Hz bass management system. Monitoring with proper bass management in the professional control room insures proper playback translation into the "home theater" environment and into larger spaces such as motion picture theaters.

It is important to understand that Bass Management is done as a function of the monitoring system and in no way affects the actual mix. Full frequency musical content, is assigned or panned around the room via normal console or software operations to the various desired subjective locations such as Left, Center, Right, Left Surround, and so on. This full frequency musical data corresponding to each speaker location channel is stored normally on tape, hard drive, etc.

Bass Management psychoacoustically works because the ear-brain mechanism cannot detect direction at low frequencies, but takes its directional cues from the harmonics of the low frequency sound. In the monitoring process, frequencies below 80Hz are redirected to the subwoofer. Frequencies above 80Hz are sent to the desired speaker. During the hearing process, our hearing mechanism integrates the sound into the correct spatial auditory image.

Bass management is equally suited to all formats from 2-channel stereo to 5.1 and beyond. Indeed, existing control rooms that are doing stereo 2 channel mixes, especially with smaller nearfield monitors placed on the console, can benefit immensely from the correct integration of Bass Management and a subwoofer; because the engineer is now able to hear low frequency anomalies caused by room rumble, microphone stand thumping, breath pops, and other artifacts that cause undesirable actions later in the broadcast, film chain, or DVD Mastering process.

When mixes are intended for theatrical presentation, it is sometimes necessary to use an additional channel for extra low frequency effects or enhancement. This channel is called the LFE or Low Frequency Effects/Enhancements channel. In the control room monitoring environment, the LFE channel, if or when it is used in the mix, is monitored by the same subwoofer used for the regular [L,C,R,LS,RS] channels. M&K Bass Management Controllers have both a 0dB (with unity gain) and +10dB (with 10dB gain) inputs to accommodate any mixing / monitoring situation, as per Dolby specifications.

The M&K Professional Division supplies, at no additional charge, a special CD test disc to assist in the proper setup and calibration of our Bass Management Systems. This disk has pre-filtered and calibrated tracks of noise which allow quick, accurate, and error-free setup of the monitoring environment to the Dolby standard of 85dB SPL, or any other relative reference level, by using an SPL meter.

4.INTRODUCTION

The LFE-4 Bass Management Controller is a balanced, line-level studio bass management controller which is intended for use with the M&K line of professional studio monitors. Although the LFE-4 was primarily designed for monitoring 5.1 audio, its flexible architecture allows it to be used for monitoring mono, stereo, Dolby Surround, Dolby Digital, DTS and other formats.

The LFE-4 combines several necessary functions in one 19” rack mount, 1RU package. Along with bass management and LFE channel control, it also provides individual channel adjustment capability to properly calibrate your entire monitor system.

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