TypographicConventions

Thefollowing table describes the typographic changes that are used in this book.

TABLEP–3 TypographicConventions
Typeface Meaning Example
AaBbCc123 Thenames of commands, les, and
directories,and onscreen computer
output
Edityour .login le.
Usels -a to list all les.
machine_name% you have mail.
AaBbCc123 Whatyou type, contrasted with onscreen
computeroutput
machine_name%su
Password:
AaBbCc123 Aplaceholder to be replaced with a real
nameor value
Thecommand to remove a le is rm lename.
AaBbCc123 Booktitles, new terms, and terms to be
emphasized(note that some emphasized
itemsappear bold online)
ReadChapter 6 in the User's Guide.
Acacheis a copy that is stored locally.
Donot save the le.
SymbolConventions

Thefollowing table explains symbols that might be used in this book.

TABLEP–4 SymbolConventions
Symbol Description Example Meaning
[] Containsoptional arguments and
commandoptions.
ls [-l] The-l option is not required.
{|} Containsa set of choices for a
requiredcommand option.
-d {y|n} The-d option requires that you use either the y
argumentor the nargument.
${ } Indicatesa variable reference. ${com.sun.javaRoot} References the value of the com.sun.javaRoot
variable.
- Joinssimultaneous multiple
keystrokes.
Control-A Pressthe Control key while you press the A
key.
+ Joinsconsecutivemultiple
keystrokes.
Ctrl+A+N Pressthe Control key, release it, and then press
thesubsequent keys.
Preface
15