Lmax -Lmin, = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ x100 %

The calculation for shadowing is made from the 2 luminance measurements Gbkg and Lsh, as follows:

	Lmax -Lmin
CT	= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ x100 %
	Lmin

Where Lmax is the larger value of Gbkg or Lsh , and Lmin is the smaller of the two.

♦ To determine background and foreground levels (colors),first set the background to any gray scale or color level suitable for shadowing determination.(Note that it may take several iterations of adjusting background level and box levels to determine the proper value for the background .Next display the box levels to determine the proper value for the background level. Look for shadowing in any direction from box E. Independently vary the gray level (or color) of the background and box E until the worst case shadowing is observed. This defines the background (Gbkg) and foreground (Gfg) levels to be maintained for the remainder of the test.

♦One point only (the target) will be measured. To determine that point proceed as follows Using the background and foreground gray levels of step1 (Gbkg and Gfg). Turn on each

box at a time. Look for the case with the worst shadowing. The box causing the worst case is the shadowing source, or Bsrc. Use Bsrc and the box opposite from it that lies directly in the shadow path. That is the target box, or Btgt. Note that box Eight be either Bsrc or Btgt, depending on the shadowing conditions, but typically Bsrc and Btgt will be a pair of opposite boxes, A&C or B&D. Btgt will only be displayed for aligning the LMD. It will be turned off for the actual measurement.

♦The target box point (Btgt) will be measured with the source box (Bsrc) turned on then off. (Btgt is for alignment purpose only) Display the background only at level Gbkg. Display Btgt determined in step 2 above. Using the correct distance, angle, and measurement aperture, align the LMD to the center of the Btgt. Turn off Btgt. With Gbkg set to its proper level, measure the luminance (or color). Next,turn on the source box Bsrc. Again measure at the center point of Btgt (without Btgt present.). In this case the LMD will be measuring the shadowing level, Lsh.

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V193 specifications

The Acer V193 is an entry-level 19-inch LCD monitor that offers a blend of affordability, functionality, and performance, making it a solid choice for both home and office environments. Designed for everyday computing tasks, the V193 delivers high-quality visuals and a user-friendly experience.

One of the key features of the Acer V193 is its 19-inch display that boasts a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels, which provides a standard aspect ratio of 5:4. This resolution ensures that text and images are sharp, clear, and easy to view, which is especially beneficial for users who spend extended periods working on documents or spreadsheets. The monitor also offers a typical brightness level of 250 nits, which ensures that it remains visible in various lighting conditions.

In terms of technology, the Acer V193 utilizes a Twisted Nematic (TN) panel, which is known for its fast response times. With a response time of 5 milliseconds, the V193 minimizes motion blur, making it suitable for casual gaming and video playback. However, it's important to note that TN panels generally provide narrower viewing angles compared to other panel technologies, such as In-Plane Switching (IPS).

The Acer V193 is designed with ergonomic features that enhance user comfort. It comes with tilt adjustments, allowing users to position the screen at a comfortable viewing angle. The monitor's sleek and lightweight design also makes it easy to set up and adjust in any workspace.

Connectivity options on the Acer V193 include a VGA input, which is standard for most older computers and laptops. While it lacks modern connections like HDMI or DisplayPort, the VGA port ensures compatibility with a wide range of devices. The monitor also features integrated speakers, which provide basic audio output, eliminating the need for additional external speakers for casual use.

In terms of energy efficiency, the Acer V193 complies with various environmental standards, including Energy Star certification. This means that the monitor is designed to consume less power compared to non-certified products, helping users to save on electricity bills while also supporting eco-friendly initiatives.

Overall, the Acer V193 is an economical monitor that meets the essential requirements for users seeking a reliable display for everyday tasks. Its combination of solid performance, ergonomic design, and energy efficiency make it a worthwhile investment for those looking to enhance their computing experience without breaking the bank.