Freecom Technologies MusicPal user manual 115, Netmask, Subnet Addressing

Page 115

Appendix

 

Netmask

 

The partition scheme that separates the different address classes is used to identify a

 

netmask attached to the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, in logical com-

 

bination (using an AND operator) with an IP address, forms the network address. The

 

netmasks for Class A, B and C are for instance 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0 and 255.255.255.0.

 

The address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address; its network portion is 192.168.170.

 

Combining it with the Class C netmask using an AND operator as shown in this example

 

leaves only the network portion of the address:

 

11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.237)

 

combined with:

 

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)

EN

resulting in:

 

11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)

 

An alternative to dotted decimal representation is to express the netmask as the quantity

 

of ones from left to right. This number is added to the IP address after a slash (/) as '/n'.

 

In this example, the address 192.168.170.237/24 could be written. This indicates that the

 

netmask is 24 ones followed by eight zeroes.

 

Subnet Addressing

 

You can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per net-

 

work. It would be a very inefficient use of the amount of IP addresses to supply every

 

LAN with so many IP addresses. A smaller office LANs does not have that many devices.

 

A more efficient technique is known as subnet addressing.

 

Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physi-

 

cal networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet

 

number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000

 

nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be

 

reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free.

 

A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For

 

example, the IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as IP network address

 

172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending the number

 

of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing

 

allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using

 

different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other depart-

 

ments in the organization.

 

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Contents Musicpal Dear User Freecom Technologies GmbH Germany Package ContentsChapter Appendix Freecom on the Internet Trademark Technical SupportHardware requirements System requirementsNetwork requirements Software requirementsCompatible streaming formats CompatibilityCompatible play-list formats Compatible file formatsAdvantages of the Freecom MusicPal Safety precautionsHardware features Software featuresHardware LAN Connecting / Installing the Freecom MusicPal Hardware Wlan Freecom MusicPal Connecting / Installing the Freecom MusicPal .1.1 Freecom MusicPal Front Side Chapter  Getting to know the Freecom MusicPal.1. Freecom MusicPal Rear Side Getting to know the Freecom MusicPalOverview Freecom MusicPal FunctionsOverview of Extras Overview of Internet RadioWlan IP LAN IP Overview of SettingsOptions Now PlayingSelect Add to favorites FavoritesSelect the category you want Internet RadioMedia server UPnP Extras Sleep Timer SettingsSelect Use Sleep Timer? Yes Wake-Up Timer Clock Snooze Timer snooze functionSelect Use NTP-Server? Yes Select which time zone you are Manual configuration of date and timeSelect Use NTP-Server? No Show Clock Idle Time RSS Feed Select between Use ‘Now Playing’ in clock? Yes or No Use ´Now Playing´Show Clock Edit Favorites Wlan Access Point Menu Select Access Point, select Hidden Access Point Connecting with hidden Wlan Access PointsSelect Wlan Region Wlan RegionSelect Use DHCP? Yes Using DhcpSelect Extras Settings Extras Settings RSS FeedsSelect RSS Feeds Calling an RSS FeedHtml Browser Select Extras SettingsSelect Html Browser Calling an Html BrowserWeather Calling the Weather Stock Quotes Select Stock Quotes Calling for Stock QuotesWorld Clock Select World Clock Calling the World ClockCalendar Select Calendar Calling the CalendarSelect Use DHCP? No Manual configuration of the IP address LAN IP/WLAN IPSound Play Mode Bass Boost Output Select the Line-out Boost menu item Line-out BoostStartup Sound Display Brightness Active Brightness Sleep Timer Brightness Sleeping Language Name Check for Updates Information Freecom Network Storage Assistant PC/Mac Features of the Freecom Network Storage Assistant PCStart recovery procedure Accessing your MusicPal web interfaceRepeat search for available Freecom MusicPal Login Name Admin Password . Features of the Freecom Network Storage Assistant Mac.. Web interface of your Freecom Network Storage device ..1 Configure basic settings of your Freecom MusicPalConfiguring the Freecom MusicPal through the Web Interface How do I access the configuration menu?  Now Playing Settings Click Automatically synchronise with an Internet time server Manual configuration of time and date RSS Feed Use ´Now Playing´ Edit Favorites Wlan Access Point Click Dhcp Client Manual configuration of the IP address LAN IP/WLAN IP Settings Extras Html Browser Calling an Html Browser Weather Calling the Weather Calling for Stock Quotes World Clock Select Calendar Sound Play Mode Output Startup Sound Display Brightness Active Brightness Sleeping Language Check for Updates Change password AdministrationUpdate Firmware What do I need what for? Freecom MusicPal in practical usage1 LAN Media server UPnP in connection with the Freecom MusicPalWlan Connecting through a router Connecting the Freecom MusicPalDirect connection 100 Configuring the Freecom MusicPal101 Configuring the computerSubsequent window double-click Internet protocol TCP/IP 102103 104 How can I Iisten to Internet Radio? Using your Mac as media server UPnPHow can I update my firmware? 105106 107 VTuner Premium Internet Radio ServiceRegistration 108 109 110 Administration of the Favorites111 112 113 Class B Domain Name ServerInternet address classes Class aNetmask 115Subnet Addressing 116 IP address shortage 117Network Address Translation Multiple internal but only one external IP addressHosting a server Cable Quality MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol119 Ethernet CablingConditions Your Guarantee
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