Mackie M1200/M1400 owner manual Frequency, See Hertz

(also called a high-pass filter) reduces or eliminates frequencies below its cutoff fre- quency. There are also high-cut (low-pass) filters, bandpass filters (which cut both high and low frequencies but leave a band of fre- quencies in the middle untouched), and notch filters (which remove a narrow band but leave the high and low frequencies alone).

frequency

The number of times an event repeats itself in a given period. Sound waves and the electri- cal signals that represent sound waves in an audio circuit have repetitive patterns that range from a frequency of about 20 repetitions per second to about 20,000 repetitions per sec- ond. Sound is the vibration or combination of vibrations in this range of 20 to 20,000 repeti- tions per second, which gives us the sensation of pitch, harmonics, tone, and overtones. Fre- quency is measured in units called Hertz (Hz). One Hertz is one repetition or cycle per second.

gain

The measure of how much a circuit ampli- fies a signal. Gain may be stated as a ratio of input to output values, such as a voltage gain of 4, or a power gain of 1.5, or it can be expressed in decibels, such as a line amplifier with a gain of 10 dB.

gain stage

An amplification point in a signal path, within either a system or a single device. Over- all system gain is distributed between the various gain stages.

graphic EQ

A graphic equalizer uses slide pots for its boost/cut controls, with its frequencies evenly spaced through the audio spectrum. In a per- fect world, a line drawn through the centers of the control shafts would form a graph of the frequency response curve. Get it? Or, the posi- tions of the slide pots give a graphic representation of boost or cut levels across the frequency spectrum.

Maintaining a good safety ground is always essential to prevent electrical shock. Follow manufacturer’s suggestions and good electrical practices to ensure a safely grounded system. Never remove or disable the grounding pin on the power cord.

In computer and audio equipment, tiny currents and voltages can cause noise in the circuits and hamper operation. In addition to providing safety, ground provisions in these situations serve to minimize the pickup, detec- tion and distribution of these tiny noise signals. This type of ground is often called technical ground.

Quality audio equipment is designed to maintain a good technical ground and also op- erate safely with a good safety ground. If you have noise in your system due to technical grounding problems, check your manual for wiring tips or call technical support. Never dis- able the safety ground to reduce noise problems.

ground loop

A ground loop occurs when the technical ground within an audio system is connected to the safety ground at more than one place. Two or more connections will allow tiny currents to flow in the loops created, possibly inducing noise (hum) in the audio system. If you have noise in your system due to ground loops, check your manual for wiring tips or call tech- nical support. Never disable the safety ground to reduce noise problems.

headroom

The difference between nominal operating level and peak clipping in an audio system. For example, a mixer operating with a nominal line level of +4 dBu and a maximum output level of +22 dBu has 18 dB of headroom. Plenty of room for surprise peaks.

Hertz

The unit of measure for frequency of oscilla- tion, equal to 1 cycle per second. Abbreviated Hz. KHz (pronounced “kay-Hertz”) is an abbre- viation for kilohertz, or 1000 Hertz.

ground

Also called earth. Ground is defined as the point of zero voltage in a circuit or system, the reference point from which all other voltages are measured. In electrical systems, ground connections are used for safety purposes, to keep equipment chassis and controls at zero voltage and to provide a safe path for errant currents. This is called a safety ground.

30

Hz

See Hertz.

impedance

The AC resistance/capacitance/inductance in an electrical circuit, measured in ohms. In audio circuits (and other AC circuits) the im- pedance in ohms can often be very different than the circuit resistance as measured by a DC ohmmeter.