Scanning Negatives, Image Structure | Kodak 400UC, 800, 400VC, 160NC

SCANNING NEGATIVES

You can easily scan PROFESSIONAL PORTRA Film negatives with a variety of linear-array-CCD, area-array-CCD, and PMT film scanners. You can scan negatives on desktop scanners as well as high-end drum scanners.

Because no standards exist to define the colored filter sets that film scanners use to capture the red, green, and blue information of the film image, each manufacturer’s scanner has its own characteristic output. The output depends on the scanner’s sensitivity to the dyes in the film. This sensitivity is determined by the spectral distribution of the colored filter sets and/or the spectral sensitivity of the charge-coupled-device (CCD). In addition to these spectral specifications, scanner output depends on the look-up tables or matrices that the scanner uses to output information for CRT monitors, transmission, etc. These tables or matrices are part of either “plug-in” programs used with specific software packages designed for image manipulation, updateable ROMs included with the equipment, or fixed algorithms for calibrating and balancing, similar to those used in photographic color printing equipment.

The generic “color negative film” channel designation available with scanner software is only a starting point. You can adjust the final color balance and the scene-dependent contrast and brightness of an image by using the scanner’s controls during pre-scan, or by using an image-manipulation software program or workstation after acquisition. Some scanners allow you to use “plug-in” programs to customize scanner setups.

For more information, visit the following Web sites.

	To access	Go to

	Film Terms for KODAK
	PHOTO CD Imaging	www.kodak.com/go/pcdFilmTerms
	Workstations

	Drivers for KODAK Film	www.kodak.com/go/scannerDrivers
	Scanners	www.kodak.com/go/scannerDrivers
	Scanners

IMAGE STRUCTURE

Print Grain Index

The Print Grain Index number refers to a method of defining graininess in a print made with diffuse-printing illumination. It replaces rms granularity and has a different scale which cannot be compared to rms granularity.

•The method uses a uniform perceptual scale, with a change of four units equaling a just noticeable difference in graininess to 90 percent of observers.

•A Print Grain Index rating of 25 on the scale represents the approximate visual threshold for graininess. A higher number indicates an increase in the amount of graininess observed.

•The standardized inspection (print-to-viewer) distance for all print sizes is 14 inches, the typical viewing distance for a 4 x 6-inch print.

•In practice, larger prints will likely be viewed from distances greater than 14 inches, which reduces apparent graininess.

•Print Grain Index numbers may not represent graininess observed from more specular printing illuminants, such as condenser enlargers.

Negative Size: 24 x 36 mm (Size 135)

Print Size in inches	4x6	8x10	16x20

Magnification	4.4X	8.8X	17.8X

Print Grain Index for—
160NC Film	36	58	87
160VC Film	40	62	91
400NC Film	44	66	96
400VC Film	48	70	99
400UC Film	40	62	92
800 Film	50	72	101

Negative Size: 6 x 6 cm (Size 120/220)

Print Size in inches	4x6	8x10	16x20

Magnification	2.6X	4.4X	8.8X

Print Grain Index for—
160NC Film	Less than 25	36	58
160VC Film	28	40	62
400NC Film	32	44	66
400VC Film	36	48	70
400UC Film	28	40	62
800 Film	38	50	72

Negative Size: 4 x 5 Inches (Sheets)

Print Size in inches	4x6	8x10	16x20

Magnification	1.2X	2.1X	4.2X

Print Grain Index for—
160NC Film	Less than 25	Less than 25	35
160VC Film	Less than 25	Less than 25	39
400NC Film	Less than 25	28	43

For more information, see KODAK Publication No. E-58, Print Grain Index—An Assessment of Print Graininess from Color Negative Films.

8	KODAK PROFESSIONAL PORTRA 160NC, 160VC, 400NC, 400VC, 400UC, and 800 Films • E-190

160NC, 160VC, 400UC, 400VC, 800 specifications

Kodak film has long been synonymous with quality, performance, and innovation, and its color negative films Kodak 400NC, 800, 400VC, 400UC, and 160VC exemplify these traits. Each of these films offers unique characteristics, catering to various photographic needs and artistic preferences.

Kodak 400NC, known as "Natural Color," is designed for shooting in available light conditions. Its balanced color rendition and fine grain structure make it ideal for portrait and landscape photography. The film's ISO 400 sensitivity ensures versatility, allowing photographers to capture images in a range of lighting situations, from bright daylight to dim indoor settings. The advanced emulsion technology used in 400NC helps achieve realistic skin tones and vibrant yet true-to-life colors, making it a popular choice among enthusiasts and professionals alike.

Kodak 800 film takes sensitivity a step further with its ISO 800 rating. This film is perfect for low-light environments where capturing quick moments is essential. Its extended sensitivity allows for faster shutter speeds while maintaining overall image quality. Kodak 800 provides rich colors and smooth transitions in shadows and highlights, making it suitable for events like concerts or evening gatherings. However, it is essential to note that while 800 film excels in low light, it can exhibit a slightly more pronounced grain compared to its 400 counterparts.

The Kodak 400VC, or "Vivid Color," variant is engineered to deliver dynamic color saturation and increased contrast. It’s particularly favored by photographers looking to add a punchy aesthetic to their work. The film maintains a similar ISO 400 sensitivity as the NC version but stands out for its ability to produce more vibrant hues. This makes it ideal for subjects like landscapes and street photography, where enhanced color can significantly impact the final image.

Kodak 400UC, or "Ultra Color," is another ISO 400 option that focuses on impressive color depth and detail. It achieves this through advanced grain technology and improved sensitivity. Photographers often choose 400UC for its tonal range and ability to retain detail in both highlights and shadows, making it a reliable choice for a variety of scenes, from portraits to still life compositions.

Finally, Kodak 160VC offers a unique proposition with its ISO 160 rating, ideal for those who prioritize finer grain and detail over higher speed. This film shines in controlled lighting and outdoor environments, producing stunning, true-to-life colors with exceptional clarity. It is particularly favored in portrait photography and fashion shoots where the artist wants to capture vivid colors with a soft yet sharp finish.

In conclusion, each Kodak film variant has distinct features catering to different photographic styles and needs. From the versatility of 400NC to the vividness of 400VC and the detail of 160VC, Kodak continues to be a leader in film photography, offering options that enhance creativity and capture moments vividly.