Fluke 45 user manual True RMS Measurements

Page 55

Applications 4

True RMS Measurements

 

 

PEAK VOLTAGES

METERED VOLTAGES

DC AND AC

AC-COUPLED

 

 

AC COMPONENT ONLY

DC

TOTAL RMS

INPUT

 

 

 

 

TRUE RMS =

PK-PK

0-PK

 

 

COMPONENT

WAVEFORM

RMS CAL*

FLUKE 45

 

 

ONLY

ac

2

+ dc

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SINE

 

2.828

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.414

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK-PK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

RECTIFIED SINE

1.414

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(FULL WAVE)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.414

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

 

0.421

0.436

 

 

 

 

 

PK-PK

 

 

 

0.900

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RECTIFIED SINE

2.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(HALF WAVE)

 

2.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.779

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

PK-PK

 

 

 

0.771

0.636

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SQUARE

 

2.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

1.000

1.111

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

0

PK-PK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

RECTIFIED

 

1.414

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SQUARE

 

1.414

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.785

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK-PK

 

 

0.707

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.707

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RECTANGULAR

2.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PULSE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.442 K2

 

 

 

 

 

 

0 X

PK-PK

 

 

2K

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Y

 

 

 

 

 

2D

 

 

 

 

D = X/Y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

D

 

K = D-D2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRIANGLE

 

3.464

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SAWTOOTH

 

1.732

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PK

 

 

0.962

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

0

PK-PK

 

 

 

0.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*RMS CAL IS THE DISPLAYED VALUE FOR AVERAGE RESPONDING METERS THAT ARE CALIBRATED TO DISPLAY RMS FOR SINE WAVES

aam18f.eps

Figure 4-3. Waveform Comparison Chart

4-11

Page 54 Page 56
Image 55
Page 54 Page 56
Contents Dual Display Multimeter Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability Declaration of the Manufacturer or Importer Table of Contents Applications Appendices List of Tables Page List of Figures Introducing the Fluke 45 Dual Display Multimeter IntroductionWhere to go from Here Options and AccessoriesModel Accessories Description Maintenance Appendices Page Multimeter Safety Getting Started IntroductionFront Panel Turning the Meter on Using the PushbuttonsSummary of Basic Pushbutton Operations Automatic Input Terminal Selection Selecting a Measurement RangeTaking Some Basic Measurements Measuring Voltage, Resistance, or Frequency Diode/Continuity TestingMeasuring Current Freq Continuity Testing Rack Mounting Operating the Meter Under Battery Power OptionalPage Front Panel Operations Operating the Meter From the Front PanelPrimary Display DisplaySecondary Display Remote SMF Input Terminals Input TerminalsInput Limits Selecting a Measurement FunctionRanging AutorangingFunction Buttons Frequency Ranges and Full Scale Values Slow and Medium Slow Reading Rate Range Full ScaleOhms Ranges and Full Scale Values Fast Reading Rate Medium Reading Rate Range Full ScaleManual Ranging Measuring FrequencyFrequency Ranging Frequency Measurement Rates Frequency Measurement RatesMeasuring Frequency of Current 100 mA and 10A Inputs Frequency Sensitivity SelectionMaximum Sinewave Inputs for Frequency Measurements Range Selecting a Function ModifierMaximim Input Voltage Function Modifier Selection Buttons REL Relative Readings ModifierReference Impedances in Ohms DB Decibels and Audio Power ModifierHold Touch Hold Modifier Using Function Modifiers in CombinationMN MX Minimum Maximum Modifier Selecting a Measurement Rate Rate Using the SButton10. SButton Operations PushbuttonsList and Number Editors Using The Compare Comp FunctionUsing the List Editor Using the Number Editor Factory Settings of Power-Up Configuration Power-Up ConfigurationChanging the Power-Up Configuration Configurations 13. Power-Up Configuration Set at Factory ParameterCalibration Applications Using the Dual DisplayDual Display Showing Volts AC and Frequency Using Measurement Functions in CombinationApplications Sample Dual Display Applications Primary DisplayResponse Times DC Voltage and DC Current Measurement on Input SignalHow the Meter Makes Dual Display Measurements Slow Med Fast Slow Rate Auto Single Range1 Range2 Medium Rate Fast RateExternal Trigger Update Rate in the Dual Display ModeAll Thermal VoltagesCorrecting for Test Lead Resistance When Measuring ResistanceTwo-Wire Configuration True RMS MeasurementsCalculated AC + DC RMS Measurements Effects of Internal Noise in AC MeasurementsWaveform Comparison True RMS vs. Average-Responding Meters True RMS Measurements Page Computer Interfaces Local and Remote OperationsPreparing the Meter for Operations via the RS-232 Interface Setting Communication Parameters RS-232Factory Settings of RS-232 Communication Parameters Factory SettingRS-232 Print-Only Mode RS-232 Prompts Device Clear Using C Cntrl CCabling the Meter to a Host or Printer RS-232 Character Echoing and DeletionEnabling the IEEE-488 Interface Installing the IEEE-488 InterfacePreparing the Meter to be Operated via IEEE-488 Interface IEEE-488 Operating LimitationsCabling the Meter to a Host Getting Started With An Installation TestInstallation Test for RS-232 Operations Installation Test for IEEE-488 OperationsInput Terminators How the Meter Processes InputIf Test Fails Input StringsTypical IEEE-488 Input Strings Sending Command Strings to the MeterSending Numeric Values to the Meter Page Typical IEEE-488 Input Strings Triggering Output How the Meter Processes OutputExternal Triggering from the Front Panel External Triggering via the Computer Interface Setting the Trigger Type ConfigurationRear Trigger Service Requests IEEE-488 Only and Status RegistersSettling Delay Trigger TypeStatus Register Summary Read CommandWrite Command Enable RegisterESB MAV 3 2 1 Event Status and Event Status Enable Registers Event Status and Event Status Enable RegistersTrue Set to 1 Conditions Status Byte RegisterReading the Status Byte Register Description of Bits in ESR and ESE Bit No NameDescription of Bits in the Status Byte Register Bit No Name Service Request Enable RegisterTrue Set to 1 Condition IEEE-488 Capabilities and Common Commands Computer Interface Command SetIEEE-488 Interface Function Subsets IEEE-488 Common CommandsNumber State 10. IEEE-488 Common CommandsFunction Modifier Commands and Queries Function Commands and Queries11. Function Commands and Queries Primary Secondary Display Value Ref Impedance Command12. Function Modifier Commands and Queries Description 12A. Reference Impedance Values Ref ImpedanceMIN Frequency Range Range and Measurement Rate Commands and QueriesOhms Range Current RangeMeasurement Queries 13. Range and Measurement Rate Commands and Queries14. Measurement Queries Description 16. Trigger Configuration Commands Description Compare Commands and QueriesTrigger Configuration Commands 15. Compare Commands and Queries DescriptionMeasurement Function Miscellaneous Commands and Queries17. Miscellaneous Commands and Queries Description 16A. Measurement Units Output with Format18. Remote/Local Configuration Commands Description RS-232 Remote/Local ConfigurationsSample Program for RS-232 Computer Interface Sample Program Using the RS-232 Computer InterfaceSample Programs for IEEE-488 Computer Interface Sample Programs Using the IEEE-488 Computer InterfaceAam25s.tif Aam26s.tif Aam27s.tif Operating the Meter Using the Computer Interface Line Fuse Introduction CleaningCurrent Input Fuses Testing Current Input FusesReplacing the 10 a Input Fuse Replacing the 100 mA Input FuseFront Panel Input Terminal Error No Self-Test Error Codes Meaning Self-Test Diagnostics and Error CodesPerformance Tests Min Max ServiceInput Level FrequencyUsing decades 300 Ω Short 30 kΩ Min Max 29.982 30.018 Replacement PartsReplacement Parts Performance Tests for mA Current FunctionsTM1 TM2 TM3 TM4 TM5 Appendices Page RS-232 and IEEE-488 Reading Transfer Rates Display Counts and Reading RatesResponse Times Input Impedance Normal Mode Rejection RatioCommon Mode Rejection Ratio DC VoltageAccuracy Decibel ResolutionTrue RMS AC Voltage, AC-Coupled Maximum InputDecibel Reference Resistance Maximum Crest Factor Common Mode Rejection RatioAC + DC Voltage Accuracy Accuracy DC CurrentAC Current Range SlowRangeFrequency Slow Accuracy Medium Fast Maximum Crest Factor Maximum InputDiode Test/Continuity OhmsSensitivity of AC Voltage FrequencySensitivity Level of AC Current Environmental Options GeneralASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes Page ASCII/IEEE-488 Bus Codes B Implementation of Ieee Standard IEEE-488.2 Device Documentation RequirementsNumeric Response Data Measurement *RDT and *RAT? commands are not implemented
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45 specifications

The Fluke 45 is a versatile and high-precision Digital Multimeter that is designed for a wide range of applications in electrical testing, troubleshooting, and maintenance. Known for its reliability and advanced features, the Fluke 45 is an essential tool for engineers, technicians, and professionals who require accurate measurement capabilities.

One of the standout features of the Fluke 45 is its ability to measure both AC and DC voltage and current. With a maximum input voltage of 1000 volts and current ranges up to 10 amps, users can conduct a variety of electrical tests with confidence. The device is equipped with an intuitive dual display, allowing for simultaneous viewing of multiple measurements. This feature enhances usability during complex diagnostics.

The Fluke 45 also boasts an impressive resolution of 0.1 mV and a basic accuracy of 0.25%, which translates to highly reliable readings. The auto-ranging capability simplifies the measurement process, automatically selecting the appropriate range based on the input signal, thus saving time and reducing user error.

In addition to voltage and current measurements, the Fluke 45 features resistance measurement capabilities, with a range of up to 40 MΩ. This makes it an effective tool for testing circuits, identifying faults, and ensuring the integrity of electrical systems. The continuity test function, complete with a built-in beeper, assists in quickly diagnosing wiring issues.

Another remarkable characteristic of the Fluke 45 is its frequency measurement capabilities, which can measure frequencies up to 1 MHz. This is particularly useful in applications involving signal analysis and troubleshooting oscillators.

Moreover, the Fluke 45 is designed with user convenience in mind. It is lightweight and portable, making it easy to carry around, whether on a job site or in a workshop. The rugged construction, reinforced with high-quality materials, ensures it can withstand harsh conditions often encountered in the field.

To enhance functionality, the Fluke 45 features a data hold function that freezes the displayed measurement for easier reporting. Additionally, it can store data for later retrieval, making it convenient for users who need to compile test results over time.

In summary, the Fluke 45 Digital Multimeter is an advanced instrument that combines precision, versatility, and user-friendly design. Its wide measurement capabilities, high accuracy, and durable build make it an invaluable tool for professionals in diverse electrical and electronic applications. Whether for routine maintenance or complex troubleshooting, the Fluke 45 stands out as a reliable partner in achieving accurate and efficient results.
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