M-Audio 61 manual Midi Messages In-Depth, Program & Bank Changes

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ProKeys Sono 61 User Guide

38

MIDI Messages In-Depth

Program & Bank Changes

When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change messages (0-127).. As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed..

The language MIDI uses to communicate between musical instruments only allows for program change commands 0-127, for a total of 128 possible programs (127 programs + program “0” = 128 programs total).. Because of inherent limitations of the

MIDI communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using program change messages) cannot easily be

expanded beyond 128.. Thus, a system of banks,

 

 

 

with 128 sounds in each, has been created

 

 

 

that enables manufacturers to overcome the

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128-sound MIDI limit..

 

 

 

128 banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic principle used to expand the number of accessible sounds.. However, to avoid reaching the new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds (128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change combined with a program change, another layer of banks was added.. The result is a system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub-banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds (programs) within them..

Bank change messages are useful when calling up sounds from a large library that may exist in a particular sound module or software synthesizer.. For example, devices that are built according to Roland’s GS specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require you to specify a bank change in order to access the extra voices that these devices provide..

MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most Significant Byte) message.. This MIDI message is 7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128 banks.. This message can be used in conjunction with MIDI CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional selection of any of another 128 sub-banks.. The combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible 16,384 banks.. Each bank can in turn contain 128 possible sounds selected via a separate program change MIDI message.. This enables a user to theoretically recall over two million programs directly, using only MIDI commands.. However, most devices only use a few different banks, and you can often ignore the LSB message..

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Contents Sono ProKeys Sono 61 User Guide ProKeys Sono Audio Control Panel Windows OnlyProKeys Sono 61 User Guide Introduction Built-in Audio Interface ProKeys Sono 61 FeaturesWhat’s in the Box? KeyboardMinimum Requirements Standalone Operation Bus-Powered OperationTop Panel Diagram Top Panel Descriptions Controls and ConnectorsProKeys Sono 61 User Guide £Ç £n £™ Óä Ó£ ÓÓ ÓÎ Ó Óx ÓÈ Rear Panel DescriptionsMidi Connections Hardware ConnectionsAudio Inputs Audio OutputsExample Operating Scenarios Example Setup #1About the audio inputs Example Setup #2To return the Data keys to control the octave shift value ProKeys Sono as a Standalone InstrumentProKeys Sono Premium Voice Selection ProKeys Sono GM sound selection0OWERED Onitors Dapter ProKeys Sono DemosLow latency software monitoring Basic ProKeys Sono Setup in WindowsProKeys Sono Setup in Mac OS Audio Tracks Using ProKeys Sono with a ComputerUSB Recording from a Microphone to an Audio TrackRecording an Instrument to an Audio Track Recording the Aux Inputs to an Audio Track Recording Midi and triggering sounds on a virtual instrument Midi TracksPowered Monitors ProKeys Sono Port ProKeys Sono Audio Setup and Controls Using the Microphone and Instrument InputsSetting Input Gain Using Direct Monitoring Using the Aux InputsMono Button ProKeys Sono Audio Control Panel Windows Only LatencyAbout £ Î Routing Midi Data to and from your ComputerRouting Midi Signals to your Software Routing Midi Signals from your SoftwareSending Midi to the ProKeys Sono sound engine Advanced ProKeys Sono Functions in Edit Mode Audio Options in Edit ModeMono Input Record Key To select alternate Data button functions Button, Knob, Wheel and Pedal Jack AssignmentsUSB Record Key Data Octave button Assignment OverviewTo assign the Data and buttons to transpose Data Button Assignment OptionsTo assign the Data and buttons to send bank change messages Program ChangeTo assign a Midi controller message to the Modulation wheel To re-assign the Modulation wheel to its default functionWheel Assignment Some examples of useful Midi CCs areKnob Assignment To re-assign the Sustain Pedal jack to its default functionTo re-assign the Voice Volume knob to its default function Pedal AssignmentProKeys Midi Output Settings Restoring Default AssignmentsVel Curve Selection Midi Out Mode Key Local On/OffTo send data on channel Panic To send a specific program change message in Edit modeTo send a single bank change in Edit mode Sending a Bank Change or Program Change MessageProgram & Bank Changes Midi Messages In-DepthNRPN/RPNs Troubleshooting ProKeys Sono 61 User Guide Appendices Useful Midi Data Appendix a General Midi InstrumentsThese sounds are ProKeys Sono premium-quality voices Key# Drum Sound Appendix B Channel 10 Drum MapRPN MSB Appendix C Standard Midi Controller Numbers Midi CCsAppendix D Additional RPN Messages Appendix E Piano Reset ButtonMic Inputs Technical SpecificationsWarranty Warranty Terms Warranty RegistrationTechnical Info 080905PKS61UGEN01
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