Nikon L-Ke manual OBJECTIVES, EYEPIECES, Condensers 1. Objectives

OBJECTIVES, EYEPIECES, CONDENSERS 1. Objectives

a.OBJECTIVES for medical and biological use

	Type	Individual	Numerical	Focal	Working			Remarks
		Magnification	Aperture	Length	Distance
Achromatic Dry		4X "	0.10	28.3mm	9 . 50lim
		lOX	0.25	14.8mm	7.10mm
		20X	0.40	7.5mm	5.70mm
		40X	0.65	4.3mm	0.54mm
		S40X	0.65	4.3mm	0.54mm	Spring-loaded
		NC40X	0.65	4.3mm	0.52mm	No cover glass type
	Oil-immersion	lOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm
		SIOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm	Spring-loaded
		lOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm	With		iris diaphragm for dark-field
Plan	Achromatic Dry	Plan 1.2X	0.03	35.8mm	29.7mm
		2X	0.05	42.3mm	35.6mm
		3X	0.08	37.7mm	28.6 mm
		4X	0.10	29.5mm	18.2mm
		lOX	0.25	15.6mm	7.0mm
		40X	0.65	4.0mm	0.24mm	Spring-loaded
		NC40X	0.65	4.1mm	0.32mm	Spring-loaded, no cover glass type
	Oil-immersion	lOOX	1.30	1.6mm	0.12mm	Spring-loaded
Plan	Apochromatic	lOOX		1.6mm	0.12mm
	Oil-immersion					Spring-loaded
Apochromatic Dry		40X	0.80	4.3mm	0.19 mm'	Spring-loaded
	Oil-immersion	lOOX	„ _ 1 - 40	L 6 m m	0.10mm	Spring-loaded
Long-Working Distance Type				4.0mm	2.0 mm
Achromatic Dry		LWD40X				For	tissue culture		observation
Phase-Contrast			0.30	15.9mm	6.4mm
Achromatic Dry		DLLIOX				Dark		Contrast
		B-MIOX	0.30	15.9mm	6.4mm	Bright		Contrast
		DLL20X	0.40	8.2mm	4.5mm	Dark		Contrast
		B-M20X	0.40	8.2mm	4.5mm	Bright		Contrast
		DLL40X	0.65	4.4mm	0.54mm	Dark Contrast, Spring-loaded
		D-M40X	0.65	4.4mm	0.54mm	Dark	Contrast		//
		B-M40X	0.65	4.4mm	0.54mm	Bright		Contrast
	Oil-immersion	DLLIOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm	Dark		Contrast
		D-MIOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm	Dark	Contrast		//
Long-Working Distance		B-MIOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm	Bright		Contrast	n
						Dark	Contrast		if
Achromatic Dry		D-M40X	0.60	4.0mm	2.0mm	(For	tissue culture		work)

b.OBJECTIVES for metallurgical use

Metallurgy
Achromatic Dry		M5X	0.10	25.0mm	15mm
		MlOX	0.25	14.8mm	7.1 mm
		M20X	0.40	7.5mm	5.7mm
		M40X	0.65	4.3mm	0.52mm
		MIOOX	1.25	1.8mm	0.16mm
Plan Achromatic Dry	Plan	MlOX	0.25	15.6mm	7.0mm
	Plan	M40X	0.65	4.1 mm	0.32mm	Spring-loaded
	Plan MIOOX		1.30	1.6mm	0.12mm	Spring-loaded

2.Eyepieces

Type		Individual	Focal	Field				Remarks
		Magnification	Length	Number
High eyepoint,	compensating	HK5X	50mm	21.0	With	adjustable		eyepiece	collar
High eyepoint, compensating,		HKWIOX	25mm	18.0	With	adjustable		eyepiece	collar
wide-field
High eyepoint, compensating,		HKW15X	16.7mm	14.0	With	adjustable		eyepiece	collar
wide-field
Compensating,	wide-field	WFIOX	25 mm	18.0	High-power purpose
Compensating		K20X	12.5mm	8.0	General		purpose
Huygenian		H5X	50mm	21.0	General		purpose
		HlOX	25mm	12.0	General		purpose
		H15X	^17nim	8.0	General		purpose
Diopter adjustable, high eye-		DHKWIOX	25mm	18.0	Supplied together with " U " eyepiece tube
					With 5X, lOX, 15X picture frames plus cross-
point, compensating, wide-field
					lines for framing and focusinsf

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3. Combinations of Objectives and Eyepieces

Total magnifying power obtained by the combination is the product of individual objective power multiplied by individual eyepiece power. A selection of the combination will be decided so as to get the highest resolution of the image (resolving power), the largest extent of object area (real field) which can be observed without moving the stage or slide, or the greatest thickness of object (depth of focus) which can be distinctly seen without raising or lowering the microscope stage, depending upon the purpose of using the microscope. Shown below are the results compiled from the different combinations of objectives and eyepieces:

				Resolution or
		Total	Working	Minimum	Resolved	Real Field	Depth of
Objective	Eyepiece	Magnifying	Distance	Distance		of View	Focus
		Power	(mm)	in object	in image	(mm)	(^)
				(^)	(mm)
	5X	20X			0.05-0.11	5.25	100
4X	lOX	40X	9.5	2.7-5.5	0.11-0.22	4.5	64
	15X	60X			0.16-0.32	3.5	52
	5X	50X			0.05-0.11	2.1	16
lOX	lOX	lOOX	7.1	1.1-2.2	0.11-0.22	1.8	10
	15X	150X			0.17-0.33	1.4	8
	5X	lOOX			0.07-0.14	1.05	6
							4
20X	lOX	200X	5.7	0.69-1.38	0.14-0.28	0.9
	15X	300X			0.21-0.42	0.7	3
	5X	200X			0.08-0.17	0.52	1.8
40X	lOX	400X	0.54	0.42-0.84	0.17-0.34	0.45	1.2
	15X	600X			0.25-0.50	0.35	1.0
	5X	500X			0.11-0.22	0.21	0.6
lOOX	lOX	lOOOX	0.16	0.22-0.44	0.22-0.44	0.18	0.44
	15X	1500X			0.33-0.66	0.14	0.38

•The working distance is the clearance between the upper surface of the cover glass and the lowest edge of the objective critically focused. Note that, as shown in the above table, the working distance becomes very small for high power objectives.

•The resolution of minimum resolved distance (the limit of resolving power) is the minimum distance between object points discernible as separate under the microscope illuminated by the light of wave length 5 5 0 m y u .

The shorter the light wave length, the higher the resolving power, that is, the small resolving distance results. In the table, the smaller values indicate the resolution obtained by oblique and the larger values by central illumination, (see "Illumination" on page 11 )

#The minimum resolved distance in the image is the value in the object multiplied by the total magnification of the microscope. If the resolving power of the microscope is important, choose the eyepiece by the use of which the image resolution comes within that of the naked eye 0 . 1 5 —0.3mm (when the object is seen from the distance 25mm); generally accepted criterion on the upper limit of the total magnification of a

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