Sony 7 manual Using Spectrum Analysis, Working in the frequency domain

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CHAPTER

Using Spectrum

17 Analysis

This chapter introduces you to the concept of frequency and describes Sound Forge’s Spectrum Analysis. Spectrum Analysis allows you to examine audio frequencies and overtones using either spectrum graphs or sonograms.

Note: Spectrum Analysis is available only in the full version of Sound Forge.

Working in the frequency domain

Unlike the waveform display, which represents audio in the time domain (amplitude vs. time), Spectrum Analysis allows you to examine audio recordings in the frequency domain.

Consider the following graphic, which depicts the same audio event as a waveform and as a spectrum graph.

Waveform display

Spectrum graph

Data displayed in the frequency domain (whether in the form of a spectrum graph or sonogram) depicts the amplitudes and frequencies of sine waves that, if mixed, would sound much like the original audio. Since it is relatively easy to remember what a sine wave sounds like at a specific frequency, it is possible to imagine what simple waveforms sound like by examining their spectrum.

Learning to “read” the frequency components of a sound in conjunction with their corresponding amplitudes makes it possible to determine the fundamental frequency of a sound, as well as its overtones. Similarly, you can identify unwanted noise, thereby allowing filtering to be applied where needed.

CHP. 17

USING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

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Contents Registration Assistance Sony Pictures Digital Inc Table of Contents Toolbars Command descriptions MetersMain screen Data windowEditing audio Using undo and redoCreating a new data window Saving a fileZooming and magnifying Selecting audio using start and end valuesSelecting audio during playback Fine-tuning a selection Creating and using viewsChanging the bit depth Why use markers, regions, and the playlist?Using markers Using command markers in streaming media filesRecording audio Using regionsUsing the Regions List Using the playlistBurning CDs Finding and repairing audio glitchesApplying presets Extracting audio from CDsDC Offset Sound Forge processes Auto Trim/CropBit-Depth Converter Channel ConverterAdding a chain of effects Swap Channels Time Stretch VolumeAdjusting envelopes Adding an effectWhat is Wave Hammer? What is Acoustic Mirror?Using impulse files in creative ways Troubleshooting Acoustic MirrorSamplers Using the Midi KeyboardMidi triggers Sound Forge and Midi timecode synchronizationCrossfading loops LoopsLooping techniques Editing loopsWorking in the frequency domain Using a spectrum graphUsing a sonogram Adjusting Spectrum Analysis settingsSaving files About Ircam files About Bicsf and Ebicsf files Opening filesFull version of Sound Forge versus Screenblast Sound Forge IntroductionIntroducing Sound Forge Sample filesOnline help Installing Sound ForgeSystem requirements Getting help within Sound ForgeWhat’s This? help About your rights in Sound Forge softwareHelp on the Web About Your Privacy Proper Use of Software Increasing total buffer size Optimizing forSound Forge Defragmenting your hard driveTurning on passive updating for video and time displays Increasing preload sizeTurning off the playback cursor and record counter Turning off the play output metersTurning on passive updating for video displays Optimizing for Sound Forge Learning the Sound Using the mouseForge Workspace Main screen Using the mouse wheelMain screen components Floating and docking windows Shortcut key Description Component Description Data windowPlaybar Displaying data window componentsDisplaying a toolbar ToolbarsDocking a toolbar Floating a toolbarTransport bar Standard toolbarViews toolbar Navigation toolbarRegions/Playlist toolbar Status/Selection toolbarProcess toolbar Effects toolbar Levels toolbar Tools toolbarAcid Loop Creation Tools toolbar Turning off ToolTips Command descriptionsToolTips Play Device toolbarMeters Resetting clipping indicatorsScaling meters Scale Integration time Displaying VU/PPM metersShowing labels Holding peaks and valleysFaders and sliders ControlsEnvelope graphs To select or clear all envelope points Displaying the waveform on an envelope graph Stereo filesWorking with stereo files Selecting data in stereo files Toggling channel selections Single-channel editing Creating a project Getting StartedGetting media files Using the Open dialogUsing the Explorer window Peak files Working with video files Viewing the current position Playing a filePlaying a file from a specified point Playing a selection Playing in Loop Playback modeViewing selection status Viewing selection statistics Creating a new data windowActive data windows vs. inactive data windows Saving a fileCopying data to a new file Using the Save As dialog Saving all open audio files Creating custom templatesSaving files as a workspace Editing audioCopying Cutting PastingDeleting Mixing Trimming/CroppingUsing undo and redo Using the Undo/Redo History window Play the pre-mix file Format name Description Selecting status formatsExperimenting with status formats Configuring the Measures & Beats format Exporting to Net MD devices Rendering filesExporting to Clié handheld devices Recovering files Recovering files after a crashDeleting recovered files Navigating Zooming, Selecting Setting the cursor positionPreviewing audio with pre-roll Using the overview barUnderstanding the overview bar Navigating in the overview bar Playing audio in the overview bar Zooming and magnifyingNavigating with the audio event locator Zooming the time ruler horizontal Full Zooming the level ruler verticalFormatting the level ruler Using custom zoom settingsUsing the Magnify tool Using zooming shortcutsZooming the time ruler with the Magnify tool Using the Set Selection dialog Selecting audio using start and end valuesSelecting audio during playback Fine-tuning a selectionAdjusting a selection with the mouse Adjusting a selection with the keyboardUnderstanding snapping Creating and using viewsCreating views Displaying the Views toolbarNAVIGATING, ZOOMING, and Selecting Editing attributes in the status bar Changing File Attributes FormatsEditing file attributes Editing attributes in the Properties dialogChanging the bit depth Changing the sample rateIncreasing bit depth Understanding dither and noise shaping Decreasing bit depthMinimizing quantization error Converting from mono to stereo Converting mono/stereo channelsSave as type Using the Channel ConverterConverting file formats Converting from stereo to monoViewing and editing summary information Adding summary informationViewing extended summary information Saving summary information Editing extended summary informationIncluding additional embedded information Why use markers, regions, and the playlist? Using Markers Regions, Playlist/CutlistInserting markers Using markersNaming markers Customizing automatic labeling Changing the marker position Detecting and marking clipping Using markers to create regionsDefining streaming media commands Using command markers in streaming media filesCommand Player type Description Inserting command markers Defining Scott Studios data commandsCommand Description Deleting command markers Editing command propertiesSaving command properties as a custom template Moving the cursor to a command markerInserting regions Using regionsInserting regions automatically Parameter Description While Editing regionsCreating new files from regions Regions List Using the Regions ListDisplaying the Regions List Working with the Regions ListChanging region order Displaying the playlist Using the playlistAdding regions to the playlist Playlist Understanding the playlist displayCustomizing the playlist display Repeating a region during playlist playbackArranging the playlist Playing from the playlistReplicating a region in the playlist Deleting a region from the playlist Using stop pointsCreating a new file from the playlist Configuring the playlist as a cutlist Opening a playlist/cutlist file Saving a playlist/cutlist fileCopying the playlist/cutlist to the clipboard 112 Recording audio Recording Extracting, BurningRecording manually 114 Recording automatically Triggering by a set threshold Recording a specific length punch-in Specifying a punch-in location at the time of recording Choosing a recording mode Automatic retake automatically rewind Adjusting for DC offset Mini-transport bar in Record dialog Playing back recorded audioUsing remote recording mode Synchronizing with other devices Inserting markers while recording Viewing input levelsAutomatically labeling windows and regions Configuring gap detectionChanging blinking status Type drop-down list in the Open dialog Extracting audio from CDsBurning CDs 129 Closing a CD Proper use of softwareOverwriting Editing, Repairing Synthesizing AudioCrossfading, overwriting, and replicating CrossfadingReplicating Create a selection containing Sound editing just gets easier Snapping to events in drag-and-drop operations Using drag-and-dropRepeating an operation Dragging mono selections into stereo destinationsPasting, mixing, and crossfading with drag-and-drop Mixing Creating new windows with drag-and-drop Finding and repairing audio glitchesLocating glitches Repairing audio Open the file containing the glitch Repairing audio glitches manually with the Pencil tool Generating DTMF/MF tones Synthesizing audioGenerating audio with frequency modulation Specifying the number and arrangement of operators Generating simple waveforms Using presets Applying presetsProcessing Audio Previewing processed audio Preview parameters Bypassing a process while previewing Sound Forge processesAuto Trim/Crop controls Using Auto Trim/CropPreset Description Auto Trim/CropMinimum inter-phrase silence Bit-Depth ConverterConverting a file’s bit depth Channel Converter Control Description Channel Converter controlsEstimating DC Offset DC OffsetDC Offset controls Creating a graphic fade Fade Graphic fadeCreating a custom graphic fade Fade FadeGraphic Fade Controls Insert Silence controls Fade Fade OutInsert Silence Inserting silence into a fileMuting an audio selection Invert/FlipMute NormalizeNormalize Controls Normalizing AudioNormalize to Option Description Pan/ExpandCreating a custom pan Creating a panPan/Expand controls ResampleUpsampling audio Downsampling audioResample controls Smooth/Enhance ReverseTime Stretch VolumeIncreasing the volume of a selection Swap ChannelsVolume control 168 Adding an effect Applying EffectsAdding a chain of effects Saving effect settings as a custom presetApplying effects using the Plug-In Chainer Adding plug-ins to a chain Selecting the processing mode for audio tail data Bypassing effects Arranging plug-ins on a chainSaving plug-in chains Configuring chained plug-insSaving individual plug-in settings as a custom preset Removing plug-ins from a chainManaging effects Using the Plug-In Manager windowLoading plug-in chains Organizing effects in the DX Favorites menu Using the Preset ManagerAutomating Effect Parameters Adding a volume or panning envelopeAdding an effect automation envelope Showing or hiding effect automation envelopes Adjusting effect parameters with envelopesPreviewing effect automation Applying effects automationFlipping an envelope Adjusting envelopesRemoving effect automation envelopes Adding envelope pointsCutting, copying, and pasting envelope points Setting fade propertiesCopying an envelope to another data window 182 Adding an acoustic signature to an audio file What is Acoustic Mirror?Acoustic signature Adjusting the acoustic signature General tab controls Acoustic Mirror dialogEnvelope tab controls Summary tab controls Forge CD-ROM Recover tab controlsWhat you need to create custom impulses Creating impulse filesRecording the impulse through an electronic device Recording the impulse in an acoustic spaceRecovering the impulse Adding summary information to your impulse file Trimming the impulse fileAdding realistic stereo to mono recordings Using impulse files in creative waysUsing the new impulse file Processing individual audio elementsPanning with head-related transfer functions Recreating spaces for foley effects and dialog replacementFile Name Impulse positioning Impulses do not recover properly Troubleshooting Acoustic MirrorStuttering during real-time previewing Error message explanations Recovered impulse is too noisyCompressor tab What is Wave Hammer?Wave Hammer dialog Displaying Wave HammerAttack time Volume Maximizer tab 200 Playback versus triggered playback What is MIDI?Working with 13 MIDI/SMPTE Midi triggersTriggering file playback Triggering region playback Using region playback triggers Advantages of external Midi controllers Sound Forge and Midi timecode synchronization Playing regions using MTC from a sequencerUsing Sound Forge to generate MTC for a Midi sequencer Playing regions using MTC from an external deviceUsing Sound Forge to generate MTC for an external device Samplers SamplingExternal samplers Internal samplers Configuring the Sampler ToolCreating a sampler configuration Open loop versus closed loop Receiving a sample Saving sampler configurationsSending and receiving samples Sending a sampleTurning on the Midi Keyboard Using the Midi KeyboardMidi unity note and Fine tune Displaying the Midi KeyboardGenerating chords Configuring the Midi Keyboard output port and channelTroubleshooting the Midi Keyboard Specifying instrumentsTroubleshooting MIDI/SDS with open loop Setting up MIDI/SDS hardwareSetting up SCSI/SMDI hardware Sampler is recognized but does not transfer reliably Troubleshooting SCSI/SMDIConflicting Scsi IDs Periodic transfer failuresAdaptec 1540/1542CF does not recognize a sampler Loops LoopingSustaining and release loops Creating a sustaining loop Creating a sustaining loop with a release loop Match endpoint sound levels Looping techniquesMatch endpoint amplitudes Match endpoint waveform slopeEditing a loop with the Loop Tuner Editing loopsAvoid very short loops Editing a loop without the Loop TunerLoop Tuner Switching between the sustain and release loops Crossfading loops Using the Crossfade Loop tool Creating an Acid one-shot file Creating loops for AcidCreating an Acid loop file Creating an Acid 2.0 disk-based file Creating an Acid beatmapped file Using the Acid Loop Creation Tools toolbarHalving or doubling a loop Editing loops for AcidShifting a selection left or right Rotating audio Saving loop points Setting loop tempo234 Working with Video Using the video stripViewing video Enabling frame animation Animating the video strip Video Preview window Previewing files with videoButton Description Display square Using an external monitorAttaching video to an audio file Detaching video from an audio file Setting video optionsVideo file properties Saving a video file Configuring your video settingsItems Description 243 244 Working in the frequency domain Using Spectrum AnalysisFast Fourier Transform Using a spectrum graphDisplaying a spectrum graph Monitoring an input and output source Changing the graph type Navigating a spectrum graphUpdating a spectrum graph Changing the zoom levelViewing multiple spectrum graphs Printing the graph Displaying a sonogram Using a sonogramUpdating a sonogram Tuning a sonogramReturning to a spectrum graph Adjusting Spectrum Analysis settingsPrinting the sonogram Frequency minimum Saving spectrum graph settings 256 Keyboard shortcuts Project file commandsMagnification and view commands Shortcuts+ P Data window edit commands259 PressPress Cursor moves to Cursor movement+ + + L Selecting dataPress To select from cursor to + Z+ F7 Navigation and playbackRecord dialog keyboard shortcuts + KRegions List Plug-In ChainerPlaylist Additional mouse shortcuts Mouse wheel shortcutsMouse wheel action Result Hold Ctrl and click to preview a Cut operation. Hold 266 Audio data compression and decompression Microsoft Audio Compression Manager268 Smpte Non-Drop Frame 29.97 fps, Video Smpte TimecodeSmpte 25 EBU 25 fps, Video Smpte Drop Frame 29.97 fps, VideoSmpte Film Sync 24 fps Smpte 30 30 fps, AudioAbout Bicsf and Ebicsf files Using CsoundEbicsf Files About Ircam filesSaving files 122 IndexCursor position Custom graphic fade CsoundIii MIDI/SDS SCSI/SMDI Index Plug-ins,See Effects Preload size Pre-roll to cursor Preset ManagerVii Viii Displaying Effects Levels Navigation Play Device SCSI/SMDI