ANTIfreeze selection & use

Selection of antifreeze solutions for ground loop applications requires consideration of many important factors, which may have long-term implications in regards to performance and system component life. Each area of concern leads to a different antifreeze solution. The fact that there is no “ideal” antifreeze and any choice will require compromises in one area or another. Some of these considering factors include:

Safety – The toxicity and flammability of the antifreeze solution.

Thermal Performance – The heat transfer and viscosity effects of the antifreeze.

Cost – The prices vary widely.

Corrosiveness – System materials must be compatible with the antifreeze solution.

Stability – Will the solution require periodic change out or maintenance?

Convenience – Is the solution readily available and easy to transport and install?

Codes – Will the solution meet local/regional/state/ national regulatory standards?

It is highly recommended to utilize pre-mixed antifreeze solutions where possible to alleviate many installation problems and extra labor.

The following are some general observations about the types of antifreeze materials presently being applied in the geothermal ground loop markets:

Methanol – Considered toxic in pure form, good heat transfer, low to mid-price, flammable in concentrations greater than 25%, non-corrosive and low viscosity. Methanol has delivered outstanding performance in ground loop applications for over 20 years. Its only drawbacks are toxicity and flammability. Although methanol enjoys widespread consumer use as windshield washer fluid in even higher concentrations, some local codes may limit its use in ground loops. (Note: Do NOT use automotive windshield washer fluid as antifreeze. Most washer fluids contain chemicals that will cause foaming.) To increase safety, a pre-mixed form should be used on the jobsite to increase the safety factor. Pure methanol can be purchased from any chemical supplier.

Ethanol – Good heat transfer (lower than methanol), high price, flammable in concentrations greater than 10%, non-corrosive and low viscosity. Ethanol in pure form is considered non-toxic and shows promise as a geothermal heat transfer fluid. However, the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms (ATF) limit its distribution. All non- beverage ethanol is required to be denatured and rendered unfit to drink. Generally, this is done by adding a small percentage of toxic substances such as methanol, benzene or gasoline as a denaturant. Many of the denaturants are difficult to identify by the casual user, and many are not compatible with polyethylene pipe. Only denatured ethanol can be purchased for commercial use. The use of ethanol is not recommended because of the unknown denaturants included in the solution and their possible toxicity

and damage resulting to polyethylene piping systems. Denaturing agents that are petroleum based can damage polyethylene pipe.

Manual

2100-518B

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28 of 30

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AMABILIA DORFC-2, DORFC-1 installation instructions ANTIfreeze selection & use
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DORFC-1, DORFC-2 specifications

AMABILIA DORFC-2 and DORFC-1 are two innovative technologies designed to enhance connectivity and improve communication systems. These frameworks are particularly useful in environments where traditional network infrastructure may be lacking or impractical. Both models come equipped with several key features that distinguish them from their predecessors and competitors in the field.

One of the main features of AMABILIA DORFC-2 is its advanced adaptive signal processing capability. This allows the system to intelligently adjust to varying signal conditions, minimizing data loss and ensuring a more stable connection. The technology incorporates machine learning algorithms to learn from network behavior and optimize performance, making it ideal for dynamic environments.

The DORFC-1 model complements the DORFC-2 by offering unique characteristics aimed at enhancing user experience. It supports a wider range of frequency bands, allowing for improved coverage and penetration in densely populated areas. Additionally, DORFC-1 is built with enhanced security protocols to protect data integrity and user privacy. This includes end-to-end encryption and robust authentication mechanisms that safeguard the network from unauthorized access.

In terms of deployment, both AMABILIA DORFC-2 and DORFC-1 are designed for ease of installation. They can be integrated into existing systems with minimal disruption, enabling organizations to upgrade their network capabilities without extensive downtime. This adaptability makes them suitable for various industries, including telecommunications, logistics, and emergency services.

The technologies incorporate state-of-the-art modulation techniques to maximize data throughput. This results in lower latency and higher reliability, which are critical for applications requiring real-time data transmission. Whether used for voice, video, or IoT applications, these systems are tailored to meet the demands of modern communication needs.

Energy efficiency is another noteworthy aspect of the AMABILIA DORFC series. Both models are optimized for low power consumption, which not only reduces operational costs but also has a positive impact on environmental sustainability. This technology aligns with global efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of communication infrastructure.

In summary, AMABILIA DORFC-2 and DORFC-1 represent significant advancements in connectivity technology. With their adaptive processing capabilities, enhanced frequency support, robust security features, and energy efficiency, they stand out as reliable solutions for improving communication networks in diverse applications.
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