Using an Equalizer:
Mixing and equalizing music requires an experienced ear and knowledge of the different tonal characteristics of each instrument. The voice characteristics of some common instruments are compared to a conventional
Figure 5: Frequency Range Comparison Chart:
PIANO
PICCOLO
FLUTE
OBOE
CLARINET (Bb)
BASSOON
TRUMPET
FRENCH HORN
TROMBONE
TUBA
TIMPANI
CYMBALS
VIOLIN
VIOLA
CELLO
BASS VIOLIN
SOPRANO
ALTO
TENOR
BASS
A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C
2 7 . 5 0
3 0 . 8 7
3 2 . 7 0
3 6 . 7 1
4 1 . 2 0
4 3 . 6 5
4 9 . 0 0
5 5 . 0 0
6 1 . 7 1
6 5 . 4 1
7 3 . 4 2
8 2 . 4 1
8 7 . 3 1
9 8 . 0 0
1 1 0 . 0 0
1 2 3 . 4 7
1 3 0 . 8 1
1 4 6 . 8 3
1 6 4 . 8 1
1 7 4 . 6 1
1 9 6 . 0 0
2 2 0 . 0 0
2 4 6 . 9 4
2 6 1 . 6 3
2 9 3 . 6 6
3 2 9 . 6 3
3 4 9 . 2 3
3 9 2 . 0 0
4 4 0 . 0 0
4 9 3 . 8 8
5 2 3 . 2 5
5 8 7 . 3 3
6 5 9 . 2 6
6 9 8 . 4 6
7 8 3 . 9 9
8 8 0 . 0 0
9 8 7 . 7 7
1 0 4 6 . 5 0
1 1 7 4 . 6 6
1 3 1 8 . 5 1
1 3 9 6 . 9 1
1 5 6 7 . 9 8
1 7 6 0 . 0 0
1 9 7 5 . 5 3
2 0 9 3 . 0 0
2 3 4 9 . 3 2
2 6 3 7 . 0 2
2 7 9 3 . 8 3
3 1 3 5 . 9 6
3 5 2 0 . 0 0
3 9 5 1 . 0 7
4 1 8 6 . 0 1
Bass Range: (20Hz-125Hz)
Unlike the other instruments shown, the piano contains some funda- mental frequencies in the
Mid-Bass Range: (125Hz-250Hz)
The “fullness” of the mix will be determined in this region, either adding a “thicker” or “fatter” characteristic or making it “thin” or “weak”. The guitar and bass both contain fundamentals in this range along with the male or tenor voice. This region also provides the apparent “loudness” of a mix, especially around 160Hz.
Low-Mid Range: (125Hz-250Hz)
This range tends to add a harsh “muddy” sound when boosted, particularly around 300Hz.
This sliders in this region should be adjusted to the detent (flat) position or even reduced slightly to produce a more appealing tonal quality.
Mid-Range: (500Hz-4kHz)
This is the range at which the human ear is most sensitive. Very small changes in this area can produce a dramatic effect. This region is most commonly reduced in amplitude to produce a rich sound with more emphasis on low bass and upper high end regions. When equalizing indi- vidual instruments in a mix, this range becomes very important to bring them to the “front” of the mix, cutting through the rest of the instruments.
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