URQW3DQHO,QVHUWV | Dell GN guide

)URQW3DQHO,QVHUWV

LQFKIURQW

SDQHOLQVHUW

FRPSXWHUFRYHU

XSVLGHGRZQ

SRVWV

ULQJWDEV

)LJXUH,QFK)URQW3DQHO,QVHUW5HPRYDO

7RUHPRYHDLQFKIURQWSDQHOLQVHUWIROORZWKHVHVWHSV

/D\WKHFRPSXWHUFRYHUXSVLGHGRZQRQDIODWZRUNVXUIDFHZLWKWKH IURQWRIWKHFRYHUIDFLQJ\RX

)URPWKHIURQWRIWKHFRYHUXVH\RXUWKXPEVWRSXVKLQZDUGRQWKH LQVHUWXQWLOLWVOLGHVRIIWKHWZRSRVWV

7RUHSODFHDIURQWSDQHOLQVHUWSRVLWLRQWKHIURQWSDQHOLQVHUWDQGWKHQSUHVVWKH ULQJWDEVRYHUWKHSRVWV,IQHFHVVDU\XVHDLQFKQXWGULYHUWRUHSRVLWLRQWKH ULQJWDEV

Dell OptiPlex Gn and Gn+ Systems Service Manual

Page 84

Image 84

Dell GN manual URQW3DQHO,QVHUWV, Lqfkiurqw Sdqholqvhuw Frpsxwhufryhu Xsvlghgrzq

Contents

659,&0$18$ HOOŠ2SWL3OHŠ*QDQG*Q6\VWHPV HFHPEHU315HY$ Rqwhqwv Kdswhu DVLF7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ Kdswhu 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWV YLL QGH Ljxuhv Ylll 3RZHU&DEOHVIRUWKH0LGVLH Ljxuh 7DEOHV Read This First Dqgduhfkdvvlvvshflilf WkhedvlffrpsxwhuPlfursurfhvvruvehfrphdydlodeoh \VWHP2YHUYLHZ \VWHPHDWXUHV SLSHOLQHGEXUVWFDFKHPHPRU\PHPRU\ ‡ 2SWLRQDOLQWHJUDWHGRU0ESVWKHUQHW1 Frqqhfwruv LJXUH&RPSXWHU2ULHQWDWLRQ Edfn Ohiw Vlgh IurqwEdfn WRS Iurqw Erwwrp LJXUHURQW3DQHOHDWXUHV LJXUH,QWHUQDO9LHZRIWKH/RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHU LqfkglvnhwwhgulyhSRZHUVXSSO\ $&SRZHU Uhfhswdfoh LJXUH,QWHUQDO9LHZRIWKH0LGVLH&RPSXWHU Lqfkglvnhwwhgulyh Gulyhfdjh GlvnhwwhwdshgulyhlqwhuidfhfdeohEudfnhw SRZHUVXSSO\ $GYDQFHGSDQVLRQ6XEV\VWHP LJXUH,QWHUQDO9LHZRIWKH0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUFrpsxwhu RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUVSDQVLRQ&DUG6ORWV 0LGVLH&RPSXWHUVSDQVLRQ&DUG6ORWVLJXUH5LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH/RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUV LJXUH05LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH/RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUV 0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUVSDQVLRQ&DUG6ORWV LJXUH5LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH0LGVLH&RPSXWHUVLJXUH05LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH0LGVLH&RPSXWHUV +DUGLVNULYH2SWLRQV LJXUH5LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUVLJXUH05LVHU%RDUGIRUWKH0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUV RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUV 0LGVLH&RPSXWHUV0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUV QKDQFHGXDO,QWHUIDFH,6XEV\VWHP 2SWLRQDO1 ORRU6WDQGWhperdugdqgkdyhwkhiroorzlqjlqglfdwruv Erwwrpriwkhplqlwrzhufrpsxwhu RPSXWHU6HUYLFH RPSXWHU3RZHU6XSSO\ 3LQ$VVLJQPHQWVIRUWKH&3RZHU&RQQHFWRUV ZluhvlghriwkhfrqqhfwruvLJXUH&3RZHU&RQQHFWRUV30LGVLHDQG0LQL7RZHU Frpprqeodfn 3RZHULVWULEXWLRQ LJXUH&3RZHU&RQQHFWRUV3/RZ3URILOHDQG3Glvwulexwlrq ‡ 3RZHUVXSSO\FRQQHFWRULGHQWLILFDWLRQ LJXUH&3RZHU&DEOHVIRUWKH/RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUV LJXUH&3RZHULVWULEXWLRQIRUWKH/RZ3URILOH&RPSXWHUV \VWHP2YHUYLHZ LJXUH&3RZHULVWULEXWLRQIRUWKH0LGVLH&RPSXWHUV PDLQPHPRU\ VrfnhwvUhjxodwru LJXUH&3RZHULVWULEXWLRQIRUWKH0LQL7RZHU&RPSXWHUV \VWHP%RDUG LJXUH6\VWHP%RDUG&RPSRQHQWV 0DLQ0HPRU\ \VWHP%RDUG-XPSHUVMxpshuhg Xqmxpshuhg 7DEOH6\VWHP%RDUG-XPSHUHVFULSWLRQV 5HVHUYHGVshhg 3DVVZRUG QWHUUXSW$VVLJQPHQWV $&KDQQHO$VVLJQPHQWV 7DEOH54/LQH$VVLJQPHQWV$YDLODEOH Dwwdfkhgglvnhwwhgulyh 7HFKQLFDO6SHFLILFDWLRQV $HSDQVLRQFDUG Frqqhfwruv LqwhuohdyhgWzrjrogfrqwdfwv QRQSDULW\ 7DEOH7HFKQLFDO6SHFLILFDWLRQVFRQWLQXHG QWHUQDOKDUGGLVNGULYHED\VGulyh Gulyh RQHLQFKED\IRUDLQFKKLJKKDUG Glvngulyh 0LQLWRZHU QWHUQDOO\DFFHVVLEOH Lvnhwwhgulyhdffhvv+DUGGLVNGULYHDFFHVV LQNLQWHJULW\LQGLFDWRU Glvvlsdwlrq Rswlrqvlqvwdoohg0LGVLHFRPSXWHUV 3RZHUVXSSO\KHDW 7HPSHUDWXUH 0DLPXPYLEUDWLRQ0DLPXPVKRFN $OWLWXGH QLWLDO8VHU&RQWDFW SxwhuvfrqglwlrqshuplwvPdwlrqderxwedfnlqjxsgdwd Vwkhsureohpduhvxowrixvhuhuuru WHUQDO9LVXDO,QVSHFWLRQ HwhuqdoylvxdolqvshfwlrqiroorzwkhvhvwhsvPrqlwrudqgshulskhudovdqgwkhlusrzhuvrxufhv Wkhprqlwru 2EVHUYLQJWKH%RRW5RXWLQH QWHUQDO9LVXDO,QVSHFWLRQ Dqguherrwwkhfrpsxwhu RHVWKHLDJQRVWLFV0HQXDSSHDU7RSHUIRUPWKHLQWHUQDOYLVXDOLQVSHFWLRQIROORZWKHVHVWHSV XULQJWKHERRWURXWLQHREVHUYHWKHFRPSXWHUIRUDQ\RIWKHIROORZLQJ OLPLQDWLQJ5HVRXUFH&RQIOLFWV 5HPRYHWKHFRPSXWHUFRYHUIXOO\VHDWHGLQWKHLUVRFNHWVRUFRQQHFWRUV DSSURSULDWHIRU\RXUFRPSXWHU 5XQQLQJWKHHOOLDJQRVWLFV HWWLQJ+HOSWurxeohvkrrwlqjdoopdmrufrpsrqhqwvriwkhfrpsxwhu Wkdwwkhvdphuhvrxufhlvdvvljqhgwrwzrrupruhghylfhv HHS&RGHVDQGUURU0HVVDJHV Prqlwru \VWHPERDUGFdwlrqidloxuh Erdug 6KXWGRZQIDLOXUH 3DUDOOHOSRUWWHVWIDLOXUHDfkhwhvwidloxuhhihfwlyhplfursurfhvvruru V\VWHPERDUG HHS&RGH Uuru 3UREDEOH&DXVHV \VWHPUURU0HVVDJHV 7DEOH6\VWHPUURU0HVVDJHV $GGUHVVPDUNQrwirxqg $WWDFKPHQW 7DEOH6\VWHPUURU0HVVDJHVFRQWLQXHG Lvnhwwhvxe\VWHPUHVHW Whperdug NH\ERDUG NH\IDLOXUHDwdgguhvv Zdvlqfruuhfw Uhdgydoxh Errw 1RERRWVHFWrurq Kdugglvn 6HHNRSHUD WlrqidlohgRqglvn 6KXWGRZQIDLO XUH IDXOW\ 7LPHRIGD\ Hoovlvn Gulyhiruvwdwxvulyh Gulyh 0RQLWRULQJ \VWHPKDV FrqglwlrqvWKHSULPDU\ VHFRQGDU\@ Frqwuro Ohulv Vlghri Qrupdovshfl ILFDWLRQV,W Lvdgylvdeoh Wrlpphgl 5HFRPPHQGHG7RROV 8QOHVVRWKHUZLVHQRWHGHDFKSURFHGXUHDVVXPHVWKHIROORZLQJWklvfkdswhu ‡ Rxkdyhuhpryhgwkhfrpsxwhufryhu Uhyhuvhrughuxqohvvdgglwlrqdolqirupdwlrqlvsurylghg 3UHFDXWLRQDU\0HDVXUHV Irupwkhiroorzlqjvwhsvlqwkhvhtxhqfholvwhg7XUQRIIWKHFRPSXWHUDQGDQ\DWWDFKHGSHULSKHUDOV ORRU6WDQG LJXUH2SWLRQDOORRU6WDQG5HPRYDOVfuhz 3XOOWKHIORRUVWDQGDZD\IURPWKHFRPSXWHU 7RUHPRYHWKHIORRUVWDQGLIRQHLVLQVWDOOHGIROORZWKHVHVWHSV RPSXWHU&RYHU LJXUH3DGORFNLiwwkhfryhuriiwkhkrrnvdwwkhiurqwriwkhfkdvvlv MHFW3RZHUDQG5HVHW%XWWRQV LJXUHMHFW3RZHUDQG5HVHW%XWWRQ5HPRYDO7RUHPRYHWKHHMHFWSRZHUDQGUHVHWEXWWRQVIROORZWKHVHVWHSV Hmhfwexwwrq URQW3DQHO,QVHUWV LJXUH,QFKURQW3DQHO,QVHUW5HPRYDO7RUHPRYHDLQFKIURQWSDQHOLQVHUWIROORZWKHVHVWHSV Lqfkiurqw Sdqholqvhuw Iurqwrifryhu Hmhfwexwwrq Phfkdqlvp Lqvlghrifryhu RQWURO3DQHO WurosdqhoehklqgwkhprxqwlqjwdePrxqwlqjvfuhz Frqwurosdqhofdeoh Prxqwlqjwde Ulyhv IroorzlqjvxevhfwlrqvLJXUHULYH+DUGZDUH Glvnhwwhwdshgulyh Lqwhuidfhfdeoh \VWHPSRZHU VXSSO\ QFKLVNHWWHULYH$VVHPEO\ LJXUH,QFKLVNHWWHULYH5HPRYDOWkhglvnhwwhgulyh Fkdvvlv QFKULYH$VVHPEO\ IrxuvfuhzvdwwdfklqjwkhgulyhwrwkheudfnhwRughuvwdpshgrqwkherwwrpriwkheudfnhw Iurqwrifrpsxwhu Gulyhprxqwlqj Vfuhzv +DUGLVNULYH$VVHPEO\ LJXUH+DUGLVNULYH$VVHPEO\5HPRYDO7RUHPRYHWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHDVVHPEO\IROORZWKHVHVWHSV \VWHP3RZHU6XSSO\ Wkhfkdvvlv6OLGHWKHV\VWHPSRZHUVXSSO\IRUZDUGXQWLOLWVWRSVWKHQOLIWLWIURP SRZHUVXSSO\ Prxqwlqjvfuhz \VWHP%RDUG&RPSRQHQWV Whperdugdqgulvhuerdugfrpsrqhqwv\VWHP Erdug Mxpshuv Iurqwrifrpsxwhu SULPDU\ SDQVLRQ&DUGV SDQVLRQ&DUG&DJHDwwdfkhgwrwkhhsdqvlrqfdugv \RXDUHQRWUHPRYLQJDQ\RIWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGVOHDYHWKHHWHUQDOFDEOHV SDQVLRQ&DUG 5HPRYHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHWklvpdqxdo 5HPRYHWKHUHWDLQLQJVFUHZIURPWKHFDUGPRXQWLQJEUDFNHW 5LVHU%RDUG HsdqvlrqfdugfdjhhqjdjhvzlwkwkhdoljqphqwvorwKHQ\RXUHSODFHWKHULVHUERDUGEHVXUHWKHDOLJQPHQWIHDWXUHRQWKH Hsdqvlrqfdug Fdjh LJXUH,00,QVWDOODWLRQ Vhfxulqjfolsv 0LFURSURFHVVRU+HDW6LQN$VVHPEO\ LJXUH0LFURSURFHVVRU6HFXULQJ&OLS5HPRYDOLIWWKHPLFURSURFHVVRUKHDWVLQNDVVHPEO\RXWRILWVVRFNHW 7RUHPRYHWKHPLFURSURFHVVRUKHDWVLQNDVVHPEO\IROORZWKHVHVWHSV LJXUH0LFURSURFHVVRU5HPRYDO Plfursurfhvvru Uljkwwde Plfursurfhvvruvrfnhw Uhohdvhohyhu \VWHP%DWWHU\ LJXUH6\VWHP%DWWHU\5HPRYDO5HPRYHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJH 5HPRYHWKHEDWWHU\ Qrqfrqgxfwlqjremhfwvxfkdvdsodvwlfvfuhzgulyhu \VWHP%RDUG \VWHPERDUG Edfnrifrpsxwhu Vfuhz6OLGHWKHV\VWHPERDUGWRZDUGWKHIURQWRIWKHFKDVVLVXQWLOLWVWRSV Kdswhu 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWV RQWKH0LGVLH&KDVVLV 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWVRQWKH0LGVLH&KDVVLV 3UHFDXWLRQDU\0HDVXUHV LJXUHORRU6WDQG5HPRYDO Iorruvwdqgvfuhz Vhfxulqj Exwwrqv Krrnv Iurqwrifrpsxwhu Srzhuexwwrq Lqfkiurqw Sdqholqvhuw Frpsxwhufryhu Xsvlghgrzq Iurqwrifryhu Hmhfwexwwrq Phfkdqlvp Lqvlghrifryhu Fkdvvlvkrrnv Frqwurosdqho Vfuhz Fdeoh \VWHPSRZHU Srzhufdeoh Glvnhwwhwdshgulyh VXSSO\ Lqwhuidfhfdeoh KdugglvngulyheudfnhwFrqqhfwru VHFRQGDU\,FRQQHFWRU 7FRQQHFWRU 5HPRYHWKHEUDFNHWPRXQWLQJVFUHZ 7RUHPRYHWKHLQFKGLVNHWWHGULYHIROORZWKHVHVWHSVEudfnhwprxqwlqjvfuhz Gulyhprxqwlqj Vfuhzv Krrnv LJXUH,QFKULYH$VVHPEO\5HPRYDO Orzwkhvhvwhsv7RUHPRYHDLQFKGULYHDVVHPEO\IURPWKHPLGGOHRUORZHUGULYHED\IRO Uhwdlqlqjwdev +DUGLVNULYH%UDFNHW LJXUH+DUGLVNULYH%UDFNHW5HPRYDOEudfnhwgrzqlqwrsrvlwlrq 7RUHPRYHWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHEUDFNHWIROORZWKHVHVWHSV +DUGLVNULYH Gulyheudfnhw6OLGHWKHGULYHRXWRIWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHEUDFNHW 5HPRYHWKHIRXUVFUHZVWKDWDWWDFKWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHWRWKHKDUGGLVN LJXUH6\VWHP3RZHU6XSSO\5HPRYDO LIWWKHV\VWHPSRZHUVXSSO\IURPWKHFRPSXWHU7RUHPRYHWKHV\VWHPSRZHUVXSSO\IROORZWKHVHVWHSV SRZHUVXSSO\ Srzhu Fdeohv Vhfxulqjwde Vorw Whperdugfrpsrqhqwv Vhuldosruw9SRZHULQSXW VHFRQGDU\ Lqwhuidfhfrqqhfwrufrqwurosdqho LJXUHSDQVLRQ&DUG&DJH5HPRYDO Xsuljkwsrvlwlrq7RUHPRYHDQHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHIROORZWKHVHVWHSV LIWWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHXSDQGDZD\IURPWKHFRPSXWHU Wkhhsdqvlrqfdugfrqqhfwru UDVSWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGE\LWVFRUQHUVDQGFDUHIXOO\UHPRYHLWIURP\RXLQVWDOOWKHRSWLRQDODNHXS2Q/$1QHWZRUNFDUG0FRPSXWHUVRQO\ Erdugidflqjxs 5HPRYHWKHWZRULVHUERDUGPRXQWLQJVFUHZV 5HPRYHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHDQGDOOHSDQVLRQFDUGVUlvhuerdugprxqwlqjvfuhzv Vorwv Hsdqvlrqfdugfdjh 3ODFHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHRQDIODWZRUNVXUIDFHZLWKWKHULVHU LJXUH,00,QVWDOODWLRQ LIWWKHPLFURSURFHVVRUKHDWVLQNDVVHPEO\RXWRILWVVRFNHW 7RUHPRYHWKHPLFURSURFHVVRUKHDWVLQNDVVHPEO\IROORZWKHVHVWHSV Wkhrssrvlwhvlghriwkhvrfnhw Slqfruqhurivrfnhw Iurqwrifrpsxwhu 5HPRYHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJH 5HPRYHWKHV\VWHPEDWWHU\ Eoxqwqrqfrqgxfwlqjremhfwvxfkdvdsodvwlfvfuhzgulyhu 8QODWFKDQGURWDWHWKHSRZHUVXSSO\WRWKHULJKWVHHLJXUH 6OLGHWKHV\VWHPERDUGWRZDUGWKHIURQWRIWKHFKDVVLVXQWLOLWVWRSV\VWHPERDUG Vfuhz Page Kdswhu 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWV RQWKH0LQL7RZHU&KDVVLV 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWVRQWKH0LQL7RZHU&KDVVLV 3UHFDXWLRQDU\0HDVXUHV LIWWKHERWWRPRIWKHFRYHUDOORZLQJLWWRSLYRWWRZDUG\RX Uhohdvhexwwrq URQW%HHO Wdeuhohdvh Uhwdlqlqjkrrnv Khqwkhvhfolsvduhuhohdvhgwkhexwwrqfrphviuhhiurpwkhehho IurqwehhoSrzhuexwwrq Uhvhwexwwrq +ROGWKHEHHOZLWKWKHIURQWIDFLQJ\RX Ehho SrvwvIurqwsdqholqvhuw Ulqjwdev Hmhfwexwwrq Phfkdqlvp Edfnriehho Iurqwriehho Fkdvvlvkrrnv Frqwurosdqho Frqwurosdqhofdeoh Vfuhz Lqfkglvnhwwhgulyh Kdugglvngulyheudfnhw Uhwdlqlqjwde Uhohdvhexwwrq 5HPRYLQJDQG5HSODFLQJ3DUWVRQWKH0LQL7RZHU&KDVVLV Gulyhprxqwlqj Vfuhz Krrnv 7RUHPRYHDLQFKGULYHDVVHPEO\IURPWKHPLGGOHRUORZHUGULYHED\IRO Iurqwrigulyh Lqfkgulyh Prxqwlqjsodwh Hdfkkdugglvngulyhlqvwdoohglqwkhkdugglvngulyheudfnhw UhpryhlwiurpwkhfrpsxwhuLIWWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHEUDFNHWVOLJKWO\WRIUHHWKHKLQJHWDEVDQG LVFRQQHFWWKH&SRZHUFDEOHDQGWKHLQWHUIDFHFDEOHIURPWKHEDFNRI 6OLGHWKHGULYHRXWRIWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHEUDFNHW 5HPRYHWKHIRXUVFUHZVWKDWDWWDFKWKHKDUGGLVNGULYHWRWKHKDUGGLVN 3UHVVWKHVHFXULQJWDEWRUHOHDVHWKHSRZHUVXSSO\ RshqlqjLVFRQQHFWWKH&SRZHUFDEOHVIURPWKHV\VWHPERDUGDQGWKHGULYHV Vhfxulqjwde SRZHUVXSSO\ Ghwhqwholqn SLQFRUQHUFRQQHFWRU3$1 Xsuljkwsrvlwlrq 6OLGHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHRXWRIWKHFRPSXWHU LqwrsodfhFkdvvlv Hsdqvlrqfdug Fdjh Edfnvorw Erwwrpvorw Ohyhu LVFRQQHFWDQ\FDEOHVIURPWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGEHLQJUHPRYHG Erdugidflqjxs 5HPRYHWKHULVHUERDUGPRXQWLQJVFUHZV 3ODFHWKHHSDQVLRQFDUGFDJHRQDIODWZRUNVXUIDFHZLWKWKHULVHUPrxqwlqjvfuhzv Vorwv Hsdqvlrqfdugfdjh Vhfxulqjfolsv 8QODWFKDQGURWDWHWKHSRZHUVXSSO\XQWLOLWORFNVVHHLJXUH Suhvvkhuh WruhohdvhIurqwrifrpsxwhu Khdwvlqn LJXUH0LFURSURFHVVRU5HPRYDO Eoxqwqrqfrqgxfwlqjremhfwvxfkdvdsodvwlfvfuhzgulyhu Frpsxwhu LVFRQQHFWDOOFDEOHVIURPWKHV\VWHPERDUG 8QODWFKDQGURWDWHWKHSRZHUVXSSO\XQWLOLWORFNVVHHLJXUH Huuruphvvdjhv 3UHVV&WUO!$OW!QWHU!IRU6HWXS\VWHP6HWXS3URJUDP $ \VWHP6HWXS6FUHHQV LJXUH$6\VWHP6HWXS6FUHHQV 7DEOH$6\VWHP6HWXS&DWHJRULHV 7LPHDWH LVNHWWHULYH$ Djlqjwkhprqlwru Lvglvdeohg7DEOH$6\VWHP6HWXS&DWHJRULHVFRQWLQXHG $87,21 %HIRUH Hqdeolqj Wklv Ihdwxuh 7DEOH$6\VWHP6HWXS&DWHJRULHVFRQWLQXHG 3DUDOOHO3RUWGlvdeohg 3DUDOOHO0RGH LJXUH$HYLFH/LVW6FUHHQ RRWHYLFH3ULRULW\ LVNHWWHGULYH$ +DUGGULYH& &520GHYLFHHYLFH&RQWUROOHU3ULRULW\ 6\VWHP%,26ERRWGHYLFHV Ehhsfrghv WurxeohvkrrwlqjFrpsxwhu Fryhuuhprydo Rulhqwdwlrq Glvwulexwlrqplgvlhfrpsxwhu HSDQVLRQVXEV\VWHP Mxpshuv OrfdwlrqSURJUDP$ Iorruvwdqg Ghvfulswlrq SRZHUVXSSO\ YrowdjhudqjhvORZSURILOHV\VWHPV PLGVLHV\VWHPV PLQLWRZHUV\VWHPV Uhvrxufhfrqiolfwv HolplqdwlqjPage Zzzghoofrp

)URQW￿3DQHO￿,QVHUWV

￿￿￿￿￿LQFK￿IURQW￿

SDQHO￿LQVHUW

FRPSXWHU￿FRYHU￿

￿XSVLGH￿GRZQ￿

ULQJ￿WDEV￿￿￿￿

)LJXUH￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿,QFK￿)URQW￿3DQHO￿,QVHUW￿5HPRYDO￿

7R￿UHPRYH￿D￿￿￿￿￿￿LQFK￿IURQW￿SDQHO￿LQVHUW￿￿IROORZ￿WKHVH￿VWHSV￿