ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS/OPERATIONS

intentionally sloped for drainage considerations. Very few, if any, floors are specifically designed to be unflat. Unfortunately, many turn out that way. Flatness and levelness are both desirable, but have different implications for the floor user. Flatness is critical where the user's main concern is the behavior of wheeled type vehicles. Levelness is critical where the user's main concern is with fixed structures such as shelving, racks and the placement of machine tools.

Exceptions exist, but for most users, flatness is more important than levelness. The reasoning is that fixed equipment can be shimmed or adjusted to compensate. However, it is not as easy to adapt a wheeled vehicle to a floor that is not flat enough to allow for proper action.

Flatness and levelness also have different implications for the floor contractor. Flatness is determined mainly by finishing methods. Levelness is determined mainly by the side forms.

Defined Versus Random Traffic Patterns

Floors are subject to two kinds of traffic patterns: defined and random. On a defined traffic floor, vehicle movement is confined to fixed paths. On a random traffic floor, vehicles are free to roam, though inevitably, some traffic patterns are used more than others.

The distinction is important because the two kinds of traffic demand different methods of measuring surface regularity. On a defined traffic floor, a continuous (or nearly continuous) profile in each of the paths can be measured. But where traffic is random, the possible travel paths are infinite in number. What usually results is statistical sampling; selected points or lines are checked and assumed that they represent the whole floor surface.

The highest degree of surface regularity is found among the defined traffic floors. Defined traffic floors allow the designer and contractor to focus on a limited number of critical areas. When a defined traffic floors is out of tolerance, it is relatively easy to identify the defects for correction---usually by employing a grinding process.

How to Define Surface Regularity

Since the middle 1980s, new methods of defining surface regularity have been adopted as national standards. Older methods will continue to be utilized, although they are less effective. The following methods will be discussed:

1) The F number system for random traffic floors

2) The TR 34 system for defined traffic floors

Both methods are not of equal value. For random traffic floors, F numbers provide the most complete and consistent system. For defined traffic floors, the TR34 system is superior.

The F number system utilizes a pair of numbers to define surface regularity. The flatness number, Ff, is based upon the curvature over a horizontal distance of 24 inches. The levelness number, Fl, is based upon the floor slope over a horizontal distance of 10 feet. The standard test for F numbers is specified in ASTM E1155 and/or most recent version.

With both Ff and Fl, higher numbers mean greater surface regularity. Though the scale ranges from zero to infinity, almost all floors have F numbers between 10 and 100 for both flatness and levelness. Since the scale is linear, an Ff50 floor is exactly twice as flat as an Ff25 floor.

Most F number specifications are written in a two tier format. The overall F numbers apply to the floor taken as a whole. The local F numbers apply to each individual slab and are usually only one half to two thirds the overall values.

The overall F numbers are not just simple averages. ASTM E1155 covers how to combine F numbers.

The two tier format encourages contractors to achieve good surface regularity while allowing for minor defects. The attempt is to pour the entire floor to the specified overall F numbers. If, for instance, the construction crew has a bad day and fails to meet the specified overall numbers for the slab, the slab can still be accepted provided it meets the specified local numbers.

Such an occurrence serves as a warning to the crew that it must strive for a better performance on later slabs, so as to bring the overall F numbers up to the specified values. If a slab fails to meet even the specified local numbers, it must be repaired or replaced, but such failures seldom occur if all parties understand what is expected from the start.

Designers are not obligated to use this two tier format. Some designers specify a single F number pair (Ff and Fl) which applies to each individual slab. But this also raises the risk that slabs will be rejected.

FIGURE 40 depicts the overall and minimum F numbers for various floor classes. The floor

DFG-SERIES SURFACE GRINDERS

OPERATION AND PARTS MANUAL REV #4 (05/28/09)

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Multiquip DFG Series manual Defined Versus Random Traffic Patterns, How to Define Surface Regularity
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DFG Series specifications

The Multiquip DFG Series stands out in the equipment industry due to its powerful performance and advanced technology tailored for a variety of applications. Engineered for durability and efficiency, the DFG Series is specifically designed to meet the demanding needs of contractors, making it an ideal choice for construction, demolition, and industrial projects.

One of the hallmark features of the DFG Series is its robust construction. Built with high-quality materials, these models are engineered to withstand harsh working conditions, providing longevity even in the toughest environments. The frames are designed for superior strength, while the engine components are optimized for reliability, ensuring that the equipment remains operational when it's needed the most.

In terms of performance, the DFG Series is equipped with state-of-the-art engines that deliver exceptional power while maintaining fuel efficiency. This balance reduces operating costs and minimizes environmental impact. Users can benefit from increased productivity as these machines are capable of handling heavy loads and challenging tasks with ease.

One of the standout technologies in the DFG Series is the advanced hydraulic system. This system allows for smooth and efficient operation, enabling the equipment to perform a wide range of tasks from lifting and moving materials to grading and leveling. The hydraulics are engineered for precise control, providing operators with enhanced maneuverability and flexibility on job sites.

Additionally, the DFG Series incorporates ergonomic design features aimed at enhancing user comfort and safety. The operator's cabin is spacious and well-appointed with intuitive controls, allowing for easy operation even during long hours of use. Safety is a priority, with features such as reinforced safety barriers, automatic shut-off systems, and well-placed visibility options to ensure that operators remain aware of their surroundings.

Maintenance is made simple with the DFG Series, which is designed with accessibility in mind. Key components are easily reachable, reducing downtime during servicing and ensuring that the equipment remains in peak operating condition.

Overall, the Multiquip DFG Series blends power, technology, and user-friendly design to provide a versatile solution for today's demanding construction and industrial applications. Whether tasked with heavy lifting, demolition, or ground preparation, the DFG Series remains a reliable choice that will exceed expectations.
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