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Nikon 25420, D40 APPENDIX, A3 What are Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO

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Monochrome	42
Filter Effects	42
Small Picture	43
Image Overlay	43
APPENDIX	43
A1 How to Set White Balance	44
A1/2 White Balance Examples	50
A2 All About Exposure	55
A2/2 Correct Digital Exposure and Do Nikons Underexpose?	57
A2/3 The Nikon Matrix Meter	60
A2/4 How to Use the Nikon Spot Meter	68
A2/5 The Zone System	69
A2/6 What are LV and EV	75
A2/7 Exposure Meters	77
A2/8 How to Use Histograms	79
A2/9 How to Use Color Histograms	83
A2/10 How to Use a Digital Camera as an External Light Meter	87
A3 What are Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO?	88

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Contents

Nikon D40 User's Guide Nikon D40with new 18-55mmlens January PLUG CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BASICS EXPLICIT DETAILS CUSTOM SETTING MENU (Pencil icon) SET UP MENU (wrench icon) RETOUCH MENU (brush icon) APPENDIX A3 What are Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO INTRODUCTION BASICS: CAMERA SETTINGS RESET Quality Exposure Compensation Shutter Advance Mode ISO WHITE BALANCE OPTIMIZE IMAGE Image Sharpening: Auto (default) Tone Compensation (contrast): Auto (default) Color Mode: IIIa LENS SETTINGS Page EXPLICIT DETAILS CONTROLS TOP PANEL CONTROLS Exposure Mode Selector Knob P: Program Automatic Exposure Mode A, S and M Modes A Mode: Aperture Priority S Mode: Shutter Priority M Mode: Manual Exposure OFF, ON and Shutter Release Button +/- and Diaphragm (*) Button Info and Green Dot button REAR PANEL CONTROLS [>] (Play) Button MENU Button Minifying Glass / ? / Checkerboard Button < i > / Magnifying Glass / Green Dot Button AE-L AF-L /Key Button (Top Right Center) Rear Dial Up/Down/Left/Right/OK Keys Trash Can Button Almost Invisible (when off) Green Light SIDE CONTROLS +/- Lighting Bolt (Flash) Button Normal Red-Eye SLOW REAR MENUS PLAYBACK MENU ("[ > ]" icon) Delete Playback Folder CURRENT SHOOTING MENU (camera icon) Optimize Image Preset Choices VI Custom Done Image Sharpening Tone Compensation (Contrast) Color Mode Color Mode Ia Color Mode IIIa Saturation A Auto: Image Size White Balance Auto (A): Tungsten Fluorescent Cloudy Shade Preset (PRE) ISO Sensitivity Noise Reduction CUSTOM SETTING MENU (Pencil icon) [R] Reset 01 Beep 02 Focus Mode AF-A AF-S 03 AF-AreaMode [xxx] Closest Subject x ] Dynamic Area o ] Single Area 05 Metering Matrix Center Weighted Spot 06 No Memory Card 07 Image Review 08 Flash Level 09 AF Assist 10 ISO Auto 11 Self Timer / Fn Button Self Timer Shooting Mode QUAL ISO 12 AE-L/AF-L AE/AF lock AE Lock AF Lock TTL M (manual) 15 Auto Off Timers SHORT NORM SET UP MENU CSM/Setup Menu Simple Full My Menu Format Memory Card Classic Graphic Wallpaper Auto Shooting Info World Time LCD Brightness Video Mode Language Image Comment USB Folders Select Folder New Rename Mirror Lock-up Firmware Version Dust Off Ref Photo Auto Image Rotation RETOUCH MENU (brush icon) D-Lighting Red-EyeCorrection Trim Monochrome Black-and-White Sepia APPENDIX A1 How to Set White Balance Explicit Examples(page 50) DEFINITIONS APPLICATION Basics AUTO Tungsten TRICK TIP Fluorescent Fine Tuning Manual, Custom or Preset . TRICK MORE TIPS: Indoor Sports A1/2 White Balance Examples Shade (a white car in an open garage) Tungsten (conventional light bulbs in my refrigerator) Indoors at night, low-wattagetungsten bulbs Page A2 All About Exposure HOW-TO:FILM WHAT YOU CAN'T FIX THE ZONE SYSTEM LIGHT METERS A2/2 Correct Digital Exposure page and Do Nikons Underexpose (page 57) Subject Contrast and Lighting Ratio no correct exposure End Use Do Nikon Digital SLRs Underexpose A2/3 The Nikon Matrix Meter 19 August INTRODUCTION Page BASIC EXPLANATION Absolute maximum aperture coupling Use with teleconverters What about 3D metering and D lenses Color Matrix Metering TIPS What about using AE lock in Matrix Subjects that can fool the Matrix Which cameras give matrix metering with which lenses A2/4 How to Use the Nikon Spot Meter A2/5 The Zone System The Zone System allows you to get the right exposure every time without guessing Today we usually use standard development and vary contrast in printing METERS COLOR NEGATIVES B/W NEGATIVES COLOR SLIDES Here's how much to add or subtract with the center-weightor spot manual meters: Problems Page A2/6 What are LV and EV EV, or Exposure Value Page A2/7 Exposure Meters A2/8 How to Use Histograms HISTOGRAM BASICS A Histogram HISTOGRAM HISTORY COLOR HISTOGRAMS SETTING EXPOSURE Warning: Page A2/9 How to Use Color Histograms WHY YOU NEED COLOR (YRGB or RGB) HISTOGRAMS Page READING WHITE BALANCE FROM A HISTOGRAM A2/10 How to Use a Digital Camera as an External Light Meter A3 What are Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO Summary

APPENDIX

A3 What are Shutter Speed, Aperture and ISO?