| ﮓﻧﺭ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ |
| .ﺪﻳﻮﺷ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ یﺍﺮﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺎﺑ |
.ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﮏﻳ ،ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ٣ | (EV) ﯽﺘﺳﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ |
.ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﺲﮑﻋ ،ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ • | v h A p |
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EV : 1 | ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﮏﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﯽﻠﻴﺧ ﺎﻳ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﯽﻠﻴﺧ ﺎﻫ ﺲﮑﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ |
| .ﺪﻳﺮﻴﮕﺑ یﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺲﮑﻋ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﺪﻴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ |
ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ 
ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺪﻴﻫﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ [o] | ۴ | (+) ﺮﺗ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ | (0) ﯽﺜﻨﺧ |
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| .ﺪﻴﻫﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺍﺭ [m] ،یﺭﺍﺩﺮﺒﻤﻠﻴﻓ ﻭ یﺭﺍﺩﺮﺒﺴﮑﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ | ||
ﺪﻳﺎﺷ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ﺭﺎﮐﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ،ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﺾﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ | • |
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.ﺪﻴﻫﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻢﮐ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ یﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ًﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ | • |
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ﻪﺷﻭﺮﮐ) AE BKT ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ،ﺪﻴﻨﮐ یﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﮔﺍ |
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| .ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ EV ← V ﺎﻳ a | ||
ﺍﺭ ﻪﺷﻭﺮﮐ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ (٨٩ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ)ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ (ﺭﺎﮐﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ |
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ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ :ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ یﺎﻫ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯽﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﺲﮑﻋ ﻪﺳ ﻦﻴﺑﺭﻭﺩ .ﺪﻳﺮﻴﮕﺑ |
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(٨٨ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ) .ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ،ﻢﮐ ﯽﻫﺩﺭﻮﻧ |
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