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ZyXEL Communications P-2002 5.3 NAT, 5.2.3.4 SIP Register Server, 5.2.4RTP

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P-2002 Series User’s Guide

Figure 16 SIP Redirect Server

5.2.3.4 SIP Register Server

ASIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register.

5.2.4RTP

When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.

5.3 NAT

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network.

In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address of a packet received from a device to another IP address before forwarding the packet towards the destination. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address back to the device’s IP address and forwards it to the device.

NAT routers are commonly used to translate private (or internal) IP addresses in packet headers to public (or external) IP addresses and vice versa. A NAT router maps a private IP address and port pair to a public IP address and port, and whenever the NAT router receives a packet with that public IP address and port, it knows how to reroute the packet back to the private IP address and port.

48	Chapter 5 Introduction to VoIP

Contents

User’s Guide Page Copyright Disclaimer Trademarks Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement Notice Certifications Page Safety Warnings ZyXEL Limited Warranty Note Customer Support Page Page Table of Contents Introduction to VoIP Page Phone Book Maintenance Phone Usage Troubleshooting Appendix A Product Specifications Appendix B Appendix C IP Subnetting Page List of Figures Page List of Tables Page Preface About This User's Guide Related Documentation User Guide Feedback Syntax Conventions Graphics Icons Key Introducing the Prestige 1.1 Prestige VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor Overview 1.2Prestige 2002L VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor with Lifeline 1.3 Features 10/100Mbps Auto-negotiatingFast Ethernet Interfaces Auto-crossover10/100 Mbps Ethernet Interfaces PSTN Lifeline REN Dynamic Jitter Buffer Multiple SIP Accounts 1.4 LEDs 1.5 Applications 1.5.2 Make Calls via IP-PBX 1.5.3 Make Peer-to-peerCalls Page Introducing the Web Configurator 2.1 Web Configurator Overview 2.2 Accessing the Prestige Web Configurator Login Ignore MAIN MENU 2.3 Resetting the Prestige 2.4Navigating the Prestige Web Configurator Page 2.5 Common Screen Command Buttons Page System Screens 3.1 System Overview 3.2 General Setup 3.3 General Setup Configuration 3.4 Configuring Password 3.5 Pre-definedNTP Time Servers List 3.6 Configuring Time Setting Page Page Page Ethernet Screens 4.1 ETHERNET Overview 4.2 Configuring Ethernet Figure 12 ETHERNET Table 8 ETHERNET 4.3 Configuring the Ethernet Management Port Introduction to VoIP 5.1 Introduction to VoIP 5.2 Introduction to SIP 5.2.1.1 SIP Number 5.2.1.2 SIP Service Domain 5.2.3.1 SIP User Agent 5.2.3.2 SIP Proxy Server 5.2.3.3 SIP Redirect Server 5.2.3.4 SIP Register Server 5.3 NAT 5.3.1 NAT Example 5.3.2 NAT Types 5.3.2.1 Full Cone NAT 5.3.2.2 Restricted Cone NAT 5.3.2.3 Port Restricted Cone NAT 5.3.2.4 Symmetric NAT 5.4 NAT and SIP 5.5 Pulse Code Modulation 5.6 Voice Coding 5.7 PSTN Call Setup Signaling 5.8 MWI (Message Waiting Indication) Page VoIP Screens 6.1 VoIP Introduction 6.2 VoIP Configuration Figure 24 VoIP Table 12 VoIP 6.3 Custom Tones (IVR) 6.3.0.1Recording Custom Tones 6.3.0.2Listening to Custom Tones 6.3.0.3Deleting Custom Tones 6.4Advanced VoIP Settings Configuration Page Page Page 6.5 Quality of Service (QoS) 6.5.2.1 DSCP and Per-HopBehavior 6.6 QoS Configuration Figure 27 QoS Table 14 QoS Phone 7.1 Phone Introduction 7.2 Phone Port Configuration Figure 28 Phone Port 7.3 Supplementary Phone Services Overview 7.3.2Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services 7.3.2.1 European Call Hold 7.3.2.2 European Call Waiting 7.3.2.3European Call Transfer 7.3.2.4European Three-WayConference 7.3.3USA Type Supplementary Services 7.3.3.1 USA Call Hold 7.3.3.2 USA Call Waiting 7.3.3.3 USA Call Transfer 7.3.3.4USA Three-WayConference 7.4Common Phone Configuration Page Page Phone Book 8.1 Phone Book Introduction 8.1.1.1 Peer-to-PeerCalls 8.2 Speed Dial Configuration Figure 30 Speed Dial 8.3 Call Forward Page Page 8.4 Lifeline Configuration (Prestige 2002L) Logs 9.1 Viewing Logs 9.2 Log Message Descriptions Table 25 SIP Logs Table 26 RTP Logs Page Maintenance 10.1 Maintenance Overview 10.2 Status Screen 10.3 F/W Upload Screen Firmware Upload in Process 10.4 Configuration Screen 10.4.1Backup Configuration Configuration Upload Error 10.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults Reset 10.5 Restart Screen Page Phone Usage 11.1 Dialing a Telephone Number 11.2 Using Speed Dial to Dial a Telephone Number 11.3 Internal Calls 11.4 Checking the Prestige’s IP Address 11.5 Auto Firmware Upgrade Troubleshooting 12.1 Problems Starting Up the Prestige 12.2 Problems with the LAN or PC LED 12.3 Problems with the LAN Interface 12.4 Problems with Internet Access 12.5 Problems with the Web Configurator 12.6 Problems with the Password 12.7 Problems with Telephone or Telephone Port 12.8 Problems with Voice Service 12.9 Pop-upWindows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 12.9.1.1Disable Pop-upBlockers 12.9.1.2Enable Pop-upBlockers with Exceptions Add Allowed sites Close 12.9.2JavaScripts Security Custom Level Scripting Active scripting Scripting of Java applets 12.9.3 Java Permissions Microsoft VM Java permissions 12.9.3.1 JAVA (Sun) Figure 51 Java (Sun) Product Specifications Specification Tables Page Power Adaptor Specifications Page Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Windows 95/98/Me Installing Components Adapter Protocol Microsoft manufacturers Configuring Obtain an IP address automatically Specify an IP address Subnet Mask Disable DNS Windows 2000/NT/XP Page Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) General •Click Advanced IP Settings TCP/IP Address IP address Subnet mask Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server Macintosh OS 8/9 2Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list Using DHCP Server Configure: Macintosh OS Apply Now IP Subnetting IP Addressing IP Classes Subnet Masks Subnetting Example: Two Subnets Page Example: Four Subnets Example Eight Subnets Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks Page PPPoE PPPoE in Action Benefits of PPPoE Traditional Dial-upScenario How PPPoE Works Prestige as a PPPoE Client Internal SPTGEN Internal SPTGEN Overview The Configuration Text File Format Internal SPTGEN FTP Download Example Internal SPTGEN FTP Upload Example Example Internal SPTGEN Screens Page Page Table 61 Menu Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Index