Modulation
Frequency/Phase Modulation (Option 12)
Option 12 adds frequency and phase modulation, driven externally via a rear panel BNC connector, 50Ω. For internal modulation, add LF Generator Option 23. Frequency/Phase Modulation is not available <10 MHz with Option 22.
For most accurate FM, ΦM measurements, Bessel Null methods are used.
Maximum Input: ±1V
Frequency Modulation:
Frequency Generator Multiplication/Division Ratios:
Frequency Range | Divide Ratio, n |
<10 MHz (Option 22) | modulation not available |
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≥10 to ≤15.625 MHz (Option 4) | 256 |
>15.625 to ≤31.25 MHz (Option 4) | 128 |
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>31.25 to ≤62.5 MHz (Option 4) | 64 |
>62.5 to ≤125 MHz (Option 4) | 32 |
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>125 to ≤250 MHz (Option 4) | 16 |
>250 to ≤500 MHz (Option 4) | 8 |
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>500 to ≤1050 MHz (Option 4) | 4 |
>1050 to ≤2200 MHz (Option 4) | 2 |
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>10 to ≤2000 MHz (Option 5) | 1 |
>2 to ≤20 GHz | 1 |
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>20 to ≤40 GHz | 1/2 |
>40 to ≤65 GHz | 1/4 |
Parameter | Modes | Conditions | Specifications | Conditions | Specifications |
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| for all Frequencies other | than <2.2 GHz with option 4 | for Frequencies <2.2 GHz with option 4 |
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| Locked | Rate= 1 kHz to 8 MHz | ±[Lesser of 10 MHz or | Rate= 1 kHz to | ±[Lesser of 10 MHz or |
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| 300 * (mod rate)]/n | (Lesser of 8 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) | 300 * (mod rate)]/n |
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| Locked | Rate= 50 kHz to 8 MHz | ±[Lesser of 10 MHz or | Rate= 50 kHz to | ±[Lesser of 10 MHz or |
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Deviation |
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| 3 * (mod rate)]/n | (Lesser of 8 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) | 3 * (mod rate)]/n |
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| Unlocked Narrow | Rate= DC to 8 MHz | ±10 MHz/n | Rate= DC to | ±(10 MHz)/n |
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| (Lesser of 8 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
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| Unlocked Wide | Rate= DC to 100 Hz | ±100 MHz/n | Rate= DC to 100 Hz | ±(100 MHz)/n |
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| Locked | 100 kHz rate | 1 kHz to 10 MHz | 100 kHz rate | 1 kHz to |
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| (Lesser of 10 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
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Bandwidth (3 dB) | Locked | 100 kHz rate | 30 kHz to 10 MHz | 100 kHz rate | 30 kHz to |
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| (Lesser of 8 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
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| Unlocked Narrow | 100 kHz rate | DC to 10 MHz | 100 kHz rate | DC to |
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| (Lesser of 10 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
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| Unlocked Wide | DC rate | DC to 100 Hz | DC rate | DC to 100 Hz |
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Flatness | Locked | Rate= 10 kHz to 1 MHz | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz | Rate= 10 kHz to | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz |
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| (Lesser of 1 MHz or 0.01 * Fcarrier) |
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Accuracy | Locked and | Rate= 100 kHz, Sinewave | 10% (5% typical) | Rate= 100 kHz, Sinewave | 10% (5% typical) |
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Unlocked Narrow | Int. or 1Vpk Ext. | Int. or 1Vpk Ext. |
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Incidental AM | Locked and | 1 MHz Rate, ±1 MHz Dev. | <2% typical | Rate and Dev.= Lesser of 1 MHz | <2% typical |
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| Unlocked Narrow |
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| or 0.01 * Fcarrier |
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Harmonic Distortion | Locked | 10 MHz Rate, ±1 MHz Dev. | <1% | Rate= 10 kHz, Dev.= ±(1 MHz)/n | <1% |
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| Locked |
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External Sensitivity | Locked |
| ±(10 kHz/V to 20 MHz/V)/n |
| ±(10 kHz/V to 20 MHz/V)/n |
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Unlocked Narrow |
| ±(100 kHz/V to 100 MHz/V)/n |
| ±(100 kHz/V to 100 MHz/V)/n |
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Unlocked Wide
Phase Modulation:
Parameter | Modes | Conditions | Specifications |
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| for all Frequencies other | than <2.2 GHz with option 4 |
| Narrow | Rate= DC to 8 MHz | ±[Lesser of 3 rad or |
Deviation |
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| (5 MHz)/(mod rate)]/n |
| Wide | Rate= DC to 1 MHz | ±[Lesser of 400 rad or |
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| (10 MHz)/(mod rate)]/n |
ConditionsSpecifications
for Frequencies <2.2 GHz with option 4
Rate= DC to | ±[Lesser of 3 rad or |
(Lesser of 8 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) | (5 MHz)/(mod rate)]/n |
Rate= DC to | ±[Lesser of 400 rad or |
(Lesser of 1 MHz or 0.03 * Fcarrier) | (10 MHz)/(mod rate)]/n |
| Narrow | 100 kHz rate | DC to 10 MHz | 100 kHz rate | DC to (Lesser of 10 MHz or |
Bandwidth (3 dB) |
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| 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
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| Wide | 100 kHz rate | DC to 1 MHz | 100 kHz rate | DC to (Lesser of 1 MHz or |
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| 0.03 * Fcarrier) |
| Narrow | Rate= DC to 1 MHz | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz rate | Rate= DC to | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz rate |
Flatness |
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| (Lesser of 1 MHz or 0.01 * Fcarrier) |
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| Wide | Rate= DC to 500 kHz | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz rate | Rate= DC to | ±1 dB relative to 100 kHz rate |
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| (Lesser of 500 kHz or 0.01 * Fcarrier) |
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Accuracy | Narrow & Wide | 100 kHz, Int. or 1Vpk Ext., sine | 10% | 100 kHz, Int. or 1Vpk Ext., sine | 10% |
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External | Narrow |
| ±(0.0025 rad/V to 5 rad/V)/n |
| ±(0.0025 rad/V to 5 rad/V)/n |
Sensitivity | Wide |
| ±(0.25 rad/V to 500 rad/V)/n |
| ±(0.25 rad/V to 500 rad/V)/n |
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