Sharp EL-520W Random Function, Angular Unit Conversions, Memory Calculations, Chain Calculations

Integral calculation (Simpson’s rule):
1					b – a		
S=—h{ƒ(a)+4{ƒ(a+h)+ƒ(a+3h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–1)h)}				 h=——
3					N		
+2{ƒ(a+2h)+ƒ(a+4h)+······+ƒ(a+(N–2)h)}+f(b)}				 N=2n			
				 a ≤x ≤ b			
	dx	dx
	f(x+ ––)–f(x – ––)
Differential calculation:	2	2
	f’(x)=————————
	dx
[When performing integral calculations]
Integral calculations, depending on the
integrands and subintervals included, require			y
longer calculation time. During calculation, “Cal-
culating!” will be displayed. To cancel calcula-
tion, press ª. Note that there will be greater
integral errors when there are large fluctua-						b x
tions in the integral values during minute shift-			a
				x0	x1
ing of the integral range and for periodic func-					x2
tions, etc., where positive and negative inte-				y	x3
gral values exist depending on the interval.			x0		x2
For the former case, divide integral intervals							b
as small as possible. For	the latter case,		a				x
separate the positive and negative values.				x1		x 3

Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

Random Function

The Random function has four settings for use in the normal or statistics mode. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in succes- sion, press ®. Press ªto exit.

•The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series.

[Random Numbers]

A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.

[Random Dice]

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1®.

[Random Coin]

To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly gener- ated by pressing @`2®.

[Random Integer]

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by press- ing @`3®.

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time @gare pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode	ANS	M, F1-F4	A-F, X, Y
NORMAL		⋅	⋅
STAT
EQN	⋅	⋅	⋅
CPLX			⋅
: Available		⋅ : Unavailable

[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]

Press Oand a variable key to store a value in memory.

Press Rand a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press Kand a variable key.

[Independent memory (M)]

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.

Press ªOMto clear the independent memory (M).

[Last answer memory (ANS)]

The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory.

[Formula memories (F1-F4)]

Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation.

Note:

•Calculation results from the functions indicated below are auto- matically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.

•Random function ...... Y memory

•→rθ, →xy .................... X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)

•Use of Ror Kwill recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Chain Calculations

•The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions.

• When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the ªor @ckeys.

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction.

•If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers.

Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys:

@ê(“ ” appears.), @û(“ ” appears.), @î (“ ” appears.), @ì(“ ” appears.), @í(“ ”, “ ”,

“” and “ ” disappear.)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed as follows:

A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a frac- tional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadeci- mal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative num- bers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations

Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic opera- tions and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

degree		second
	minute

Coordinate Conversions

•Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

Y		P (x,y)	Y		P (r,θ)
				r
			↔
y				θ
0		X	0		X
	x

Rectangular coord. Polar coord.

•The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X

and Y.

• Value of r or x: X memory • Value of θ or y: Y memory

Calculations Using Physical Constants

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing ßfollowed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number.

The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places.

Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), equation mode, or statistics mode.

Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edi- tion of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Stand- ards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.

No.	Constant	No.	Constant
01	Speed of light in vacuum	27	Stefan-Boltzmann constant
02	Newtonian constant of	28	Avogadro constant
	gravitation	29	Molar volume of ideal gas
03	Standard acceleration of		(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)
	gravity	30	Molar gas constant
04	Electron mass	31	Faraday constant
05	Proton mass	32	Von Klitzing constant
06	Neutron mass	33	Electron charge to mass
07	Muon mass		quotient
08	Atomic mass unit-kilogram	34	Quantum of circulation
	relationship	35	Proton gyromagnetic ratio
09	Elementary charge	36	Josephson constant
10	Planck constant	37	Electron volt
11	Boltzmann constant	38	Celsius Temperature
12	Magnetic constant	39	Astronomical unit
13	Electric constant	40	Parsec
14	Classical electron radius	41	Molar mass of carbon-12
15	Fine-structure constant	42	Planck constant over 2 pi
16	Bohr radius	43	Hartree energy
17	Rydberg constant	44	Conductance quantum
18	Magnetic flux quantum	45	Inverse fine-structure constant
19	Bohr magneton	46	Proton-electron mass ratio
20	Electron magnetic moment	47	Molar mass constant
21	Nuclear magneton	48	Neutron Compton wavelength
22	Proton magnetic moment	49	First radiation constant
23	Neutron magnetic moment	50	Second radiation constant
24	Muon magnetic moment	51	Characteristic impedance of
25	Compton wavelength		vacuum
26	Proton Compton wavelength	52	Standard atmosphere