Agilent Technologies E7404A, E7405A, E7402A, E7403A, E7401A Making Better Frequency Measurements

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Making Basic Measurements

Making Better Frequency Measurements

Making Better Frequency Measurements

Abuilt-in frequency counter increases the resolution and accuracy of the frequency readout. When using this function, if the ratio of the resolution bandwidth to the span is too small (less than 0.002), the Marker Count: Widen Res BW message appears on the display. It indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.

Better Frequency Measurement Example:

Increase the resolution and accuracy of the frequency readout on the signal of interest.

1.Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2.Turn on the internal 50 MHz amplitude reference signal of the analyzer as follows:

•For the E7401A, use the internal 50 MHz amplitude reference signal of the analyzer as the signal being measured. Press

Input/Output, Amptd Ref (On).

•For all other models connect a cable between the front-panel AMPTD REF OUT to the analyzer INPUT, then press

Input/Output, Amptd Ref Out (On).

3.Set the center frequency to 50 MHz by pressing FREQUENCY,

Center Freq, 50, MHz.

4.Set the span to 80 MHz by pressing SPAN, Span, 80, MHz.

5.Set the Y-Axis Units to dBm by pressing AMPLITUDE, More, Y-Axis Units, dBm.

6.Set the resolution bandwidth to spectrum analyzer coupling pressing

BW/Avg, Resolution BW (SA).

7.Press Freq Count. (Note that Marker Count has On underlined turning the frequency counter on.) The frequency and amplitude of the marker and the word Marker will appear in the active function area (this is not the counted result). The counted result appears in the upper-right corner of the display.

8.Move the marker, with the front-panel knob, half-way down the skirt of the signal response. Notice that the readout in the active frequency function changes while the counted frequency result (upper-right corner of display) does not. See Figure 1-13. To get an accurate count, you do not need to place the marker at the exact peak of the signal response.

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Contents Signal Analysis Measurement Guide Safety Information Warranty Limitation of Warranty Contents Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Making Basic Measurements What is in This Chapter Test Equipment Specifications Recommended Model Test EquipmentComparing Signals Signal Comparison ExamplePlacing a Marker on the 10 MHz Signal Using the Marker Delta Function Frequency and Amplitude Difference Between Signals Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Resolving Signals Example Press SPAN, 2, MHz to bring the signal to center screenUnresolved Signals of Equal Amplitude Or linked to the center frequency Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Set one source to 300 MHz at − 10 dBm 10 Signal Resolution with a 10 kHz Resolution Bandwidth 12 Signal Resolution with a 30 kHz Resolution Bandwidth Making Better Frequency Measurements Better Frequency Measurement Example13 Using Marker Counter Decreasing the Frequency Span Around the Signal Decreasing the Frequency Span Example14 Detected Signal 16 After Zooming In on the Signal Tracking Drifting Signals Tracking Signal Drift Example17 Signal With Default Span 19 Signal With 500 kHz Span 21 Using Signal Tracking to Track a Drifting Signal 22 Signal With Default Span 24 Signal With 500 KHz Span 25 Viewing a Drifting Signal With Max Hold and Clear Write Measuring Low Level Signals Measuring Low Level Signals Example26 Low-Level Signal 28 Using 0 dB Attenuation 29 Decreasing Resolution Bandwidth 30 30 kHz Video Bandwidth 31 Decreasing Video Bandwidth 32 Without Video Averaging 33 Using the Video Averaging Function Distortion from the Analyzer Identifying Distortion ProductsIdentifying Analyzer Generated Distortion Example 34 Harmonic Distortion 36 RF Attenuation of 10 dB Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Identifying TOI Distortion Example38 Third-Order Intermodulation Equipment Setup 39 Measuring the Distortion Product 40 Measuring the Distortion Product Measuring Signal-to-Noise Signal-to-Noise Measurement Example= 70 dB/Hz + 10 × log 30 kHz = -25.23 dB ⁄ 30 kHz Making Noise Measurements Noise Measurement Example42 Setting the Attenuation 43 Activating the Noise Marker 45 Increased Resolution Bandwidth 46 Noise Marker in Signal Skirt MHz 48 Viewing Power Between Markers 49 Measuring the Power in the Span Demodulating an AM Signal Example 50 Viewing an AM Signal 51 Measuring Modulation In Zero Span 52 Measuring Modulation In Zero Span 54 Measuring Time Parameters 55 Continuous Demodulation of an AM Signal Demodulating FM Signals Demodulating a FM Signal Example56 Establishing the Offset Point 57 Determining the Offset Demodulate the FM Signal 58 Demodulating a Broadcast Signal Making Complex Measurements What’s in This Chapter Required Test EquipmentWhat Are Stimulus Response Measurements? Using An Analyzer With a Tracking GeneratorMaking Stimulus Response Measurements Stepping Through a Transmission MeasurementTransmission Measurement Test Setup Tracking Generator Output Power Activated Decrease the Resolution Bandwidth to Improve Sensitivity Measure the Rejection Range Tracking Generator Unleveled Condition Measuring Device BandwidthExample DB Bandwidth Measurement at -3 dB Measuring Stop Band Attenuation Using Log Sweep N dB Bandwidth Measurement at -60 dBScale Type Log Tracking Generator Output Power Activated in Log Sweep 10 Normalized Trace After Reconnecting DUT 12 Minimum Stop Band Attenuation Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement ExampleReflection Calibration Measuring the Return Loss 14 Short Circuit NormalizedVswr Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal ExampleNext Pk Right, or Next Pk Left Sweep Time, 5, s 17 Continuous Demodulation of an AM Signal Demodulating and Listening to an AM Signal

E7402A, E7405A, E7404A, E7401A, E7403A specifications

Agilent Technologies, a leader in test and measurement solutions, offers a range of spectrum analyzers designed to meet the evolving demands of the electronics industry. The E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A are prominent models that embody advanced features and technologies, enhancing performance, accuracy, and user experience.

The E7403A is recognized for its high-quality performance and wide frequency range. This model offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 3 GHz, making it suitable for both commercial and academic research applications. With a phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, it delivers exceptional sensitivity. The E7403A also features a built-in tracking generator, facilitating effective signal generation for testing.

Next in line, the E7401A provides similar frequency coverage but is optimized for portable functionality. Weighing significantly less than its counterparts, it is easy to transport, making it ideal for field applications. Users benefit from its fast sweep speed of up to 3 GHz, which is crucial in quickly identifying and analyzing signals.

The E7404A excels in its comprehensive analysis capabilities. With a frequency range extending up to 6 GHz, it supports more demanding applications, including wireless communications and satellite technology. Its advanced digital signal processing capabilities enable the analysis of complex modulated signals, providing engineers with the data needed to troubleshoot and optimize system performance.

The E7405A is a highly versatile model that offers frequency coverage from 9 kHz to 20 GHz. This wide frequency range, combined with high dynamic range, supports the testing of various electronic devices and systems. It features advanced measurement options including occupied bandwidth, adjacent channel power, and sensitivity measurements, which are critical for compliance testing in communication systems.

Lastly, the E7402A is designed for users who require a spectrum analyzer with enhanced functionality at a competitive price. It reaches frequencies of up to 1.5 GHz, making it suitable for various applications including RF design, development, and manufacturing. Its user-friendly interface ensures that both novice and experienced users can navigate its features with ease.

In conclusion, Agilent Technologies' E7403A, E7401A, E7404A, E7405A, and E7402A spectrum analyzers provide a robust set of features tailored to meet diverse industry needs. Utilizing sophisticated technologies, these models ensure precise and efficient signal analysis, making them indispensable tools for engineers and researchers in the fast-paced world of electronics.
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