Samson PL2404 manual Using Equalization

Using Equalization

One of the most exciting aspects of using a mixer such as the PL 2404 is the ability to shape a sound, using a process called equalization. But there are few areas of sound engineering more misunderstood than equalization, and, just as good EQ can really help a sound, bad EQ can really hurt it, so read on...

Every naturally occurring sound consists of a broad range of pitches, or frequencies, combined together in a unique way. This blend is what gives every sound its distinctive tonal color. The EQ section in a mixer allows you to alter a sound by boosting or attenuating specific frequency areas. The PL 2404 provides independent three-band equalization controls for each of its channels (the same equalization is applied to both the odd-numbered [left] input and the even-numbered [right] input). Each EQ knob is labeled with the maximum amount of cut or boost provided (± 15 dB). The Mid frequency control utilizes a resonant (“bell”) peaking curve, while the Low and High frequency controls utilize shelving curves. This means that, in the case of the Mid EQ control, frequencies around 1 kHz are affected; in the case of the Low EQ control, frequencies around or below 80 Hz are affected; and, in the case of the High EQ control, frequencies around or above 10 kHz are affected. We provided these particular frequency areas because they have maximum impact on musical signals—that’s why they are sometimes known as “sweet spots.”

When an EQ knob is in its center detented position (“0”), it is having no effect. When it is moved right of center, the frequency area is being boosted; when it is moved left of center, the frequency area is being attenuated. In all channels, the EQ setting always affects both the odd- and even-numbered inputs the same way, although the two signals remain separate.

In most instances, the best way to approach equalization is to think in terms of which frequency areas you need to attenuate, as opposed to which ones you need to boost (boosting a frequency area also has the effect of boosting the overall signal; too much EQ boost can actually cause overload). Be aware of the phenomenon of masking, where loud sounds in one frequency range obscure softer sounds in the same range; by cutting EQ “notches” in a loud signal, you can actually make room for a softer one to shine through. And try not to think of EQ as a miracle worker—no amount of equalization can put a singer in tune or remove the distortion from an overloaded input signal! The key is to get the signal right in the first place, by using correct gain structure and mic placement.

Although the specific EQ you will apply to a signal is very much a matter of personal taste, here are a few general suggestions: Boosting the low frequency of instruments such as bass drums or bass guitar will add warmth and make the sound “fatter”; conversely, you may want to attenuate the low frequency component of instruments such as cymbals, high-hats, and shakers so as to “thin” them out. Boosting Mid frequencies can be used to help bring out vocals or guitars, while attenuating them can help to reduce “boxiness.” Be careful not to boost high frequencies too much or you risk adding hiss to the signal, though just a touch can help add “shimmer” to an acoustic guitar, ride cymbal, or high-hat. Finally, because the PL 2404 High and Low EQ utilize shelving curves, attenuated High settings can be used to reduce hiss (which is composed almost exclusively of high frequencies) or attenuated Low frequencies can be used to reduce rumble (which is composed almost exclusively of low frequencies).

HIGH 0

-15 +15

MID 0

-15 +15

LOW 0

-15 +15

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