Agilent Technologies 42A, 54621D, 24A, 54621A, 22A, 41A manual Subtract

Page 188

Making Measurements

Subtract

Subtract

When you select 1 – 2, channel 2 voltage values are subtracted from channel 1 voltage values point by point, and the result is displayed.

You can use 1 – 2 to make a differential measurement or to compare two waveforms. You may need to use a true differential probe if your waveforms have DC offsets larger than the dynamic range of the oscilloscope's input channel.

To perform the addition of channel 1 and channel 2, select Invert in the Channel 2 menu and perform the 1 – 2 math function.

•Press the Math key, press the 1 – 2 softkey, then press the Settings softkey if you want to change the scaling or offset for the subtract function.

Scale allows you to set your own vertical scale factors for subtract, expressed as V/div (Volts/division) or A/div (Amps/division). Units are set in the channel Probe menu. Press the Scale softkey, then turn the Entry knob to rescale 1 – 2.

Offset allows you to set your own offset for the 1 – 2 math function. The offset value is in Volts or Amps and is represented by the center graticule of the display. Press the Offset softkey, then turn the Entry knob to change the offset for 1 – 2.

A scale unit of U (undefined) will be displayed for scale and offset if channel 1 and channel 2 are set to dissimilar units in the channel Probe Units softkey.

The figure below shows an example of subtract.

Channel 1

Channel 2

1 – 2 waveform

1 – 2	1 – 2	Return to
Scale	Offset	previous menu
Subtract

5-20

Image 188

Contents Agilent 54621D/22D/41D/42D Mixed-Signal Oscilloscopes Display shows current input signals Horizontal Controls select sweep speed and delay parametersSoftkeys extend the functionality of command keys UtilitiesThis Book Page Contents Contents Trigger TypesUsing Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope Run/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence OperationSaving and Recalling Traces and Setups Capturing DataMath Functions Cursor MeasurementsUtilities Contents-6 Getting Started Getting Started Getting Started Setting up the Oscilloscope To inspect package contents To inspect package contents Package contents for 54620/40-Series Oscilloscopes To inspect options and accessories To inspect options and accessoriesTo inspect options and accessories Accessories available Model DescriptionTo inspect options and accessories Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part NumberTo clean the oscilloscope To clean the oscilloscopeDisconnect power from the instrument To adjust the handle To adjust the handleTo power-on the oscilloscope To power-on the oscilloscopePress the power switch To adjust the waveform intensity To adjust the waveform intensityTo connect the oscilloscope analog probes To connect the oscilloscope analog probesPress Autoscale To compensate your analog probeTo compensate your analog probe To use the digital probes mixed-signal oscilloscope only To use the digital probes mixed-signal oscilloscope onlyConnect the clip to a node in the circuit you want to test Signal Lead Ground Lead Clip Signals Ground To connect a printer To connect a printerTo connect an RS-232 cable To verify basic oscilloscope operation To verify basic oscilloscope operationPress the Autoscale key on the front panel Getting started using the oscilloscope interface To verify basic oscilloscope operation Using Quick Help Getting Started Loading an updated language file from floppy disk Loading an updated language file from floppy diskPage Front-Panel Overview Front-Panel Overview Using Single versus Run/Stop Using Auto trigger mode versus Normal trigger modeViewing signal detail with acquire mode Important Oscilloscope ConsiderationsImportant Oscilloscope Considerations Using Vectors Display menu Delayed Sweep Post Acquisition Processing54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels 54620/40-series Oscilloscope Front Panels54624A 4-Channel Oscilloscope Front Panel Entry knob Autoscale key Softkeys Front-Panel Operation 54621D, 54622D D, and 54642D digital channelsInterpreting the display Interpreting the displayExample To use analog channels to view a signalTo use analog channels to view a signal To use digital channels to view a signal To use digital channels to view a signalTo display signals automatically using Autoscale To display signals automatically using AutoscaleHow Autoscale Works Undo AutoscaleTo apply the default factory configuration To apply the default factory configurationTo adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position Center the signal on the display using the position knobTo adjust analog channel vertical scaling and position Measurement HintsExpand About Center To set the vertical expand reference for the analog signalTo set analog channel probe attenuation factor To display and rearrange the digital channels To display and rearrange the digital channelsTo operate the time base controls Press the Main/Delayed, then press the Vernier softkeyTo operate the time base controls First set trigger Mode/Coupling Mode softkey to Normal To start and stop an acquisitionTo make a single acquisition To start and stop an acquisitionTo use delayed sweep Press the Delayed softkeyTo use delayed sweep Press Main/DelayedTo make cursor measurements To make cursor measurementsTo make automatic measurements To make automatic measurementsChoose what measurement you want on that source by pressing To modify the display grid To modify the display gridTo print the display Triggering the Oscilloscope Trigger Out connector Triggering the OscilloscopeTo select the Mode and Coupling menu Selecting Trigger Modes and ConditionsAuto Level and Auto modes To select a trigger mode Normal, Auto, Auto LevelTo select a trigger mode Normal, Auto, Auto Level Normal mode To select trigger Coupling To select trigger CouplingTo select Noise Reject and HF Reject To set holdoff To set holdoffTo set holdoff Holdoff Operating Hints External Trigger Input External Trigger Probe SettingsExternal Trigger Input Previous menu Trigger Types MegaZoom Technology Simplifies TriggeringTo use Edge triggering To use Edge triggeringSelect 1, 2, Ext, or Line as the trigger source To use Edge triggering To use Pulse Width triggering To use Pulse Width triggeringPress the qualifier softkey to select the time qualifier Qualifiers can be set as follows Qualifier time set softkeyTo use Pattern triggering To use Pattern triggeringSpecifying an Edge in a Pattern To use can triggering To use can triggeringPress the Baud softkey to set the can signal baud rate Press the Trigger softkey to select the trigger conditionTo use Duration triggering To use Duration triggeringTo use Duration triggering When the duration trigger occurs To use I2C triggering To use I2C triggeringAck Data Stop Start Address R/W Condition Frame Start Addr7 Read Ack Data or Condition 26th clock edge To use I2C triggering To use Sequence triggering To use Sequence triggeringSequence Selected Edge Pattern 1 and Edge Press the Stage softkey and select FindPress the Find softkey and select the Find stage condition Press the Stage softkey and select Trigger on Edge Pattern 2 and Edge Nth EdgePress the Stage softkey and select Reset on Edge 1 or Pattern 1 and Edge TimeoutTo use Sequence triggering To use SPI triggering To use SPI triggeringResetting all bits in the serial data string to one value Assign source channels to the clock, data, and frame signals To use SPI triggering To use SPI triggering To use TV triggering To use TV triggeringPress the Mode softkey to select the TV triggering mode To use TV triggering Provide Correct MatchingTV standard Field Alt Field To trigger on a specific line of video Alternate TriggeringLine Numbers per Field for Each TV Standard Line Number Represents CountTo trigger on all TV line sync pulses To trigger on a specific field of the video signal To trigger on all fields of the video signal To trigger on odd or even fields Holdoff Settings To use USB triggering To use USB triggeringTo use USB triggering Trigger Out connector MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation MegaZoom Concepts Memory depth values Deep MemoryDeep Memory MegaZoom Technology Oscilloscope ResponsivenessOscilloscope Responsiveness Display Update Rate Display Update RateTurning channels off To setup the Analog channelsTo setup the Analog channels To setup the Analog channels Press the Invert softkey to inverted the selected channel Press the Imped impedance softkeyPress the BW Limit softkey to turn on bandwidth limiting Press the Probe softkey to display the channel probe menu To setup the Horizontal time base Press the Main softkey to select Main horizontal modeTo setup the Horizontal time base Main modePress the Vernier softkey to turn on the time base vernier To setup the Horizontal time base Delayed mode To setup the Horizontal time base Roll mode XY modeAcquisition Modes Acquisition ModesPress the Acquire key to display the Acquire menu All points displayed after Single or Stop Peak DetectAverage Mode Smoothing # Avgs=1 or High-resolution modeRealtime Mode Display modes Press the Display key to view the Display menuInfinite Persistence Clear displayVectors On/Off Zoom Pan and ZoomPan and Zoom To pan and zoom a waveform To pan and zoom a waveformRun/Stop/Single/Infinite Persistence Operation Single versus Run/Stop Acquiring DataAcquiring Data Memory Depth/Record Length Memory Depth/Record LengthRun/Stop versus Single SingleTo run and stop an acquisition To take a single tracePress the Single key To run and stop an acquisitionConnect a signal to the oscilloscope Set up the trigger To capture a single eventTo capture a single event Operating HintsClearing stored infinite persistence waveforms To use infinite persistenceTo use infinite persistence To clear the waveform display To clear the waveform displayPress the Display key, then press the Clear Display softkey Configuring the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope To display digital channels using AutoscaleInterpreting the digital waveform display Activity indicatorInterpreting the digital waveform display List of stacked channels To turn individual channels on and off To turn individual channels on and offTo force all channels on or all channels off To change the display size of the digital channelsPress the Turn on or Turn off softkey DisplayedTo change the logic threshold for digital channels To change the logic threshold for digital channelsInput Impedance Using Digital Channels to Probe CircuitsUsing Digital Channels to Probe Circuits High-Frequency Probe Equivalent Circuit Probe Grounding Best Probing Practices Using Labels on the Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope To turn the label display on or off To turn the label display on or offTo assign a predefined label to a channel To assign a predefined label to a channelPress the Label key To define a new label Label Assignment Auto-Increment FeaturesTo define a new label To define a new label Label List Management To reset the label library to the factory default Press the Default Library softkeyTo reset the label library to the factory default Defaulting labels without erasing the default libraryMaking a hardcopy print Saving and Recalling Traces and SetupsPress the Save/Recall key to display the Save/Recall menu To Autosave traces and setups To Autosave traces and setupsMegaZoom Concepts and Oscilloscope Operation To create a new file name, press the New File softkey To save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy diskTo save traces and setups to a new file on the floppy disk Recalling overwrites current settings To recall traces and setupsTo recall traces and setups Saving printing screen images to floppy disk Saving printing screen images to floppy diskPress the CSV, TIF, or BMP softkey Recalling the factory default setup Recalling the factory default setupMaking Measurements Making Measurements Concepts about the 54620/40-series OscilloscopesMain and Delayed Sweep Capturing DataMaking Measurements To use delayed sweep To reduce the random noise on a signal To reduce the random noise on a signalLF Reject Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform Press the Acquire key, then press the Averaging softkeySmoothing # Avgs=1 or High-resolution mode Making Measurements Characterize the glitch with delayed sweep To use the Roll horizontal mode To use the Roll horizontal modePress the Main/Delayed key, then press the Roll softkey To use the XY horizontal mode To use the XY horizontal modeSignal centered on the display Calculate the phase difference using the formula below Signals are 90 out of phase Signals are in phase Math Functions Math Operating HintsMath Scale and Offset are Set Automatically Math Scale and OffsetMath Scale and Offset Multiply MultiplySubtract SubtractDifferentiate DifferentiateFigure below shows an example of differentiate Integrate IntegrateIntegrate and Signal Offset FFT Measurement FFT MeasurementAliasing FFT Operation Scale and offset considerations FFT Measurement Hints FFT Measurement FFT Measurement Hints Cursor Measurements To make cursor measurements Select the X and Y softkeys to make a measurement Cursor Examples Cursors measure frequency of pulse ringing Measuring pulse width with cursors Phase Delay Automatic MeasurementsAverage Amplitude Base Maximum Minimum Peak-to-Peak RMS Top Preshoot OvershootMaking automatic measurements Making automatic measurementsMaking time measurements automatically Making time measurements automaticallyFFT measurements Digital channel time measurementsCounter Duty CycleFrequency PeriodMaking time measurements automatically Fall Time Rise Time+ Width WidthMaking time measurements automatically At Min Isolating an event for frequency measurementMaking Delay and Phase Measurements Making Delay and Phase MeasurementsDelay Digital channel measurementsPhase Measurement Math Measurements and Units Making voltage measurements automaticallyMaking voltage measurements automatically Measurement definitions Using delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for Top measurement TopPreshoot Making overshoot and preshoot measurementsMaking overshoot and preshoot measurements Making overshoot and preshoot measurements Overshoot Page Utilities Utilities To configure Quick Help languages To configure Quick Help languagesLoading an updated language file from floppy disk Language Info softkeyTo update your instrument to the latest application software Press the Format softkey to select the print format To configure a printerTo configure a printer CSV length Scale factorsGray scale printing Form feedTo use the floppy disk Deleted files cannot be recoveredTo use the floppy disk To set up the I/O port to use a controller To set up the I/O port to use a controllerPress the XON DTR softkey to set the RS-232 handshake Press the Baud softkey to set the RS-232 baud ratePin Number Signal RS-232 ConnectionsTo set the clock To set the clockPress the Saver softkey to select the screen saver type To set up the screen saverTo set up the screen saver To set up the screen saver To perform service functions To perform service functionsPress Start User Cal to start the routine User CalAbout Oscilloscope User Cal StatusSelf test Default Library softkey mixed-signal oscilloscopes only To set other optionsTo set other options Expand softkeyPerformance Characteristics Performance Characteristics Acquisition Digital Channels on 54621D and 54622D only Agilent 54620-series Performance CharacteristicsAcquisition Analog Channels Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics Vertical System Analog ChannelsVertical System Digital Channels 54621D and 54622D only Accuracy = ±2.0%80 mV + 0.4%80 mV = ±1.92 mVHorizontal Sample rate of 200/400 MSa/sTrigger System CanExternal EXT Triggering Analog Channel TriggeringDigital D15 D0 Channel Triggering 54621D and 5462 2D Measurement Features Display SystemFFT StorageInstallation categories General CharacteristicsPower Requirements Agilent 54620-series Performance Characteristics Agilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics Acquisition Digital Channels on 54641D and 54642D onlyAgilent 54640-series Performance Characteristics Vertical System Digital Channels 54641D and 54642D only Range Ns/div to 50 s/div Resolution Vernier Minimum pulse width setting 2 ns Digital D15 D0 Channel Triggering 54641D and 54642D Display System Window Rectangular, Flattop, Hanning Noise Floor General Characteristics Page Index NumericsIndex Missing acknowledge condition, I2C triggerIndex-3 Index-4 Declaration of Conformity Product Regulations EMCDeclaration of Conformity Product Regulations Safety Document Warranty Agilent Technologies, Inc

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