Guardian Technologies 4582 & 4987, 4583 Meters, Measuring AC Voltage, Vom, Measuring DC Voltage

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Section 2

MEASURING ELECTRICITY

Meters

Devices used to measure electrical properties are called meters. Meters are available that allow one to measure (a) AC voltage, (b) DC voltage, (c) AC frequency, and (d) resistance in ohms. The following apply:

• To measure AC voltage, use an AC voltmeter.

Measuring AC Voltage

An accurate AC voltmeter or a VOM may be used to read the generator's AC output voltage. The following apply:

1.Always read the generator's AC output voltage only at the unit's rated operating speed and AC frequency.

•To measure DC voltage, use a DC voltmeter.

•Use a frequency meter to measure AC frequency in “Hertz” or “cycles per second”..

•Use an ohmmeter to read circuit resistance, in “ohms”.

The VOM

A meter that will permit both voltage and resistance to be read is the “volt-ohm-milliammeter” or “VOM”.

Some VOMs are of the “analog” type (not shown). These meters display the value being measured by physically deflecting a needle across a graduated scale. The scale used must be interpreted by the user.

“Digital” VOM's (Figure 2-1) are also available and are generally very accurate. Digital meters display the measured values directly by converting the values to numbers.

NOTE: Standard AC voltmeters react to the AVERAGE value of alternating current. When working with AC, the effective value is used. For that reason a different scale is used on an AC voltmeter. The scale is marked with the effective or “rms” value even though the meter actually reacts to the average value. That is why the AC voltmeter will give an incorrect reading if used to measure direct current (DC).

2.The generator's Voltage Regulator can be adjusted for correct output voltage only while the unit is operating at its correct rated speed and frequency.

3.Only an AC voltmeter may be used to measure AC voltage. DO NOT USE A DC VOLTMETER FOR THIS PURPOSE.

*DANGER!: GENERATORS PRODUCE HIGH AND DANGEROUS VOLTAGES. CONTACT WITH HIGH VOLTAGE TERMINALS WILL RESULT IN DANGEROUS AND POSSIBLY LETHAL ELECTRICAL SHOCK.

Measuring DC Voltage

A DC voltmeter or a VOM may be used to measure DC voltages. Always observe the following rules:

1.Always observe correct DC polarity.

a.Some VOM's may be equipped with a polar- ity switch.

b.On meters that do not have a polar- ity switch, DC polarity must be reversed by reversing the test leads.

2.Before reading a DC voltage, always set the meter to a higher voltage scale than the anticipated reading. If in doubt, start at the highest scale and adjust the scale downward until correct readings are obtained.

3.The design of some meters is based on the “current flow” theory while others are based on the “electron flow” theory.

a.The “current flow” theory assumes that direct current flows from the positive (+) to the negative (-).

b.The “electron flow” theory assumes that cur- rent flows from negative (-) to positive (+).

NOTE: When testing generators, the “current flow” theory is applied. That is, current is assumed to flow from positive (+) to negative (-).

Measuring AC Frequency

The generator's AC output frequency is proportional to Rotor speed. Generators equipped with a 2-pole Rotor must operate at 3600 rpm to supply a frequency of 60 Hertz. Units with 4-pole Rotor must run at 1800 rpm to deliver 60 Hertz.

Figure 2-1. – Digital VOM

Correct engine and Rotor speed is maintained by an

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Contents Diagnostic Repair Manual Safety Replacement PartsTable of Contents Section Disassembly and Exploded Views 66-71 Electromagnetic Induction MagnetismElectromagnetic Fields More Sophisticated AC Generator STATORs AC power windingsSimple AC Generator Generator Operating Diagram Meters Measuring AC VoltageVOM Measuring DC VoltageMeasuring Current Measuring ResistanceElectrical Units Ohms LawEngine-Generator Drive System Rotor AssemblyIntroduction AC Generator Stator Assembly Brush Holder and BrushesOther AC Generator Components Excitation Circuit BreakerVoltage Regulator Underfrequency Adjust162 Operation Rotor Residual MagnetismField Boost Circuit Stator Insulation Resistance Test Insulation ResistanceMegohmmeter Testing ALL Stator Windings to Ground Test Between WindingsDrying the Generator Cleaning the GeneratorRotor Insulation Resistance Test Battery Recommended BatteryPrinted Circuit Board Circuit Board ConnectionsControl Panel Component Identification ENGINE DC CONTROLTerminal Block Terminal BLOCKTB2 TB1 C1 Female Side C1 Male SideC2 Female Side C2 Male Side Page Circuit Condition Rest = 12 VDC Control Circuit Condition Start IM1 SP1 IM2 SP2 RED Black Battery Circuit Condition RUN = Idle Control Transformer Output CIRcUIT Condition Stop Fault Shutdown Introduction If Problem Involves AC OutputProblem 1 Voltage & Frequency Are Both High or Low Or Replace If BAD Load Watts Problem 4 No Battery Charge Output Problem 5 No 10A Battery Charge OutputProblem 6 Engine Will Not Crank Problem 7 Engine Cranks But Will Not Start Problem 8 Engine Starts Hard and Runs Rough Problem 9 Engine Starts Then Shuts DownProblem 10 10 Amp Fuse F1 Blowing Problem 14 Engine Hunts / Erratic Idle Problem 11 Unit OverspeedsProblem 12 Idle Control RPM Does Not Decrease Procedure Test 1 Check No-Load Voltage FrequencyTest 2 Check Main Circuit Breaker ResultsSet voltmeter to measure AC voltage Test 4 Fixed Excitation Test Rotor AMP DrawIf circuit breaker is good, go on to Test AC Voltage across Wires 11S and 44S= Refer to Test 4 Results chartRemove air cleaner cover to access stepper motor Set a voltmeter to measure resistanceTest 6 Wire Continuity Test 7 Check Field BoostDisconnect both wires from the Resistor R1 Test 8 DIODE/RESISTORSet volt meter to the diode test range Set volt meter to measure resistanceFrom the 50 Amp receptacle disconnect Wire Test 9 Test StatorUnplug the six pin connector at the Voltage Regulator Test 10 Sensing LeadsTest 11 Excitation Wiring Gain access to the brushes and slip ringsTest 12 Check Brush Leads Test 13 Check Brushes & Slip RingsTest 14 Check Rotor Assembly Test 15 Check Load Voltage FrequencyTest 16 Check Load Watts & Amperage If the unit is overloaded, reduce the loadDisconnect all wires from the Battery Charge Rectifier Test 17 Check Battery Charge OutputTest 19 Check Battery Charge Rectifier BCR2 BCR1BCR2 Test 22- Check Battery & CablesTest 21- Check 10 Amp Fuse Refer back to flow chart Test 23 Check Voltage at Starter Contactor SCTest 24 Check Starter Contactor SC Test 25 Check Starter MotorChecking the Pinion Tools for Starter Performance TestTest 26 Test Starter Contactor Relay SCR Set voltmeter to measure DC voltageTest 27 Check Start-Run-Stop Switch SW1 Test 28 Check Start-Run-Stop Switch SW1 WiringReconnect all wires to the switch Procedure Set voltmeter to measure resistanceTest 30 Check Spark Plugs Refer back to the Flow ChartTest 29 Check Ignition Spark Test 31 Remove Wire 18 / Shutdown Lead Refer to Flow ChartSSR and the Battery Charge Rectifier 2 BCR2 Test 32 Test Start Stop Relay SSRTest 33 Test Wire RUNMagnetos Test 34 Test Start Stop Relay WiringTest 35 Check and Adjust Ignition Test 36 Test Fuel Shutoff Solenoid FSS Test 37 Test Fuel Shutoff Solenoid VoltageTest 38 Check Fuel Pump MagnetoTest 39 Check Carburetion Test 40 Valve AdjustmentAdjusting Valve Clearance Adjust the regulated pressure on the gauge to 80 psi 52 Tightening the Jam NutTest 42 Check Oil Pressure Switch Wire Test 43 Check Start Stop Relay SSRTest 45 Check Wire 15 Circuit Test 46 Check Wire 14 CircuitTest 44 Test Starter Contactor Relay SCR Test 47 Check Fuel Shutoff SolenoidTest 50 Check Wire Test 49 Check Wire 15BTest 51 Check Wires 11S & 44S Test 48 Check HourmeterTest 52 Check Idle Control Switch Test 53 Check Idle Control WiringSW2 TB2Test 55 Check TR1 & TR2 Wiring Test 54 Check Idle Control Transformers ICTTest 56 Choke Test Continuity should be measuredMajor Disassembly Remove air deflector Figure B, Item #45 from cross memberSupport Alternator 3317 3026 20 22 25 QTY Description Detail of Battery Tray QTY. Description ELECTRICAL DATA RED Battery Charge Winding BA Brush Assembly Governor Actuator 167 229 15B Power Winding DPE Winding SCR Wiring Diagram 17.5 kW Drawing No G0731 Stator Closest to Bearing Electrical Schematic 17.5 kW Drawing No G0733 Circuit 11 ORG Circuit 13 DRK BLU Circuit 15 PNK ELECTRICAL DATA Page Frequency Hz 238-242 59-61 100 Rated Max DC Load Amperes Current @ 12 VoltsLoad % Torque Specifications Trim Torque SpecificationsPO BOX 297 WHITEWATER, WI

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