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Apple 8 manual Midi, The MIDI Language, AAudio and MIDI Basics

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AAudio and MIDI Basics	A Appendix

This appendix offers a brief overview of MIDI and digital audio basics.

If you want to know what an audio file is, how audio is converted into (and from) computer information, and what this MIDI thing is all about, you’ll find it here.

MIDI

MIDI is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. To break this down further—the Musical Instrument part of MIDI refers to electronic musical instruments such as synthesizers, samplers, and even MIDI guitars. The Digital Interface part sounds technical, but really isn’t.

Basically, MIDI’s Digital Interface is broken down into two components.

ÂMIDI is a computer-based language—and as you probably know, computers talk digitally. MIDI keyboards, modules, and cards are actually computers in disguise.

ÂMIDI’s Interface is just that. MIDI is a hardware standard which consists of a set of physical connectors labeled IN, OUT, and THRU. You will find one or more of these connectors on all MIDI devices, such as keyboards or modules.

The MIDI Language

The “language” of MIDI is understood by all MIDI devices. The purpose of the language is to translate your musical performance into information that can be understood by a computer. (Don’t forget that MIDI keyboards and modules are actually computers in disguise).

When you play your keyboard, or Logic is playing a MIDI song file, MIDI information— which “describes” your performance—is transmitted as a string of MIDI messages. These messages are instructions which tell any connected synthesizer or sound module how to play a piece of music. The synthesizer or module receiving the MIDI data actually generates the sounds that you hear.

Important: MIDI does not send sounds. It only sends instructions.

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Apple 8 manual Midi, The MIDI Language, AAudio and MIDI Basics

Contents

Getting Started Logic Express Apple Inc 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved Apple IncFinder and Spotlight are trademarks of Apple Inc Using the Library 1 ContentsUsing the Inspector Using Instruments and EffectsUsing Control Surfaces Using the Channel Strip ControlsUsing Key Commands Using ScreensetsPreface Welcome to LogicImportant Entries Key CommandsConventions of This Manual Menu FunctionsTo launch Logic, open and save a new project 1Starting Your Project andImporting Media Files The basic Logic file or document type is the projectThe empty project will open, and you will see the New Tracks dialog Inspector Playhead Arrange channel strips Transport bar A Quick Note About TemplatesGetting to Know the Arrange Window Arrange window ToolbarTo create a few new tracks Creating Tracks4 Click the Create button Channel strip settings Insert slotInstrument slot Adding Media Files Audio regionMIDI region A list of Apple Loops is shown at the bottom of the Loop Browser To add other audio file types with the Browser To switch between List and Browser view Apple Loop Types Automatic Track Creation From Media Area WindowsTo create a track and import a loop in one step To start and stop playback Using the Transport BarNavigating Your Project To create a track and import an audio file in one step, eitherTo start or stop playback at any project position Using the Bar RulerSetting the Playhead Position and Controlling Playback To move the playhead to any positionSetting and Using the Cycle To activate or deactivate the cycle, do one of the followingTo move the cycle To undo the last operation, command, or function Undoing OperationsTo change the cycle length To undo or redo an isolated step To reverse a number of operations, commands, or functionsSelecting Tracks and Regions Selecting TracksSelecting Regions To select a regionTo select several regions, do one of the following Page Preparing to Record Audio 2RecordingThe Importance of the Sample Rate To set the project sample rateTo set the basic project tempo, do one of the following To set the count-in time To alter the metronome settingsTo make a standard audio recording Recording Audio RegionsTo open a take folder, do one of the following Recording TakesTo select different takes when viewing an open take folder Recording an Instrument PartTo record an instrument region Chapter 2 Recording To correct the timing of your recordingPage Arrange area Bar ruler 3Creating Your ArrangementChoosing Tools Effective Range of the Tools About the ToolsPointer Eraser Muting and Soloing Tracks and RegionsMuting Regions PencilTo solo several regions with the Solo tool Soloing RegionsTo mute several regions with the Mute tool To solo a region with the Solo toolTo mute multiple tracks Editing RegionsMuting Tracks Soloing TracksTo move several selected regions Moving RegionsChanging the Length of Regions To move a regionTo cut a region Dividing RegionsCutting Regions To divide a regionCopying Regions To copy a region, do one of the followingTo paste a cut or copied region from the Clipboard To delete a region, do one of the following Deleting RegionsTo remove all loops Looping RegionsTo loop a region, do one of the following To remove one or more loopsUsing the Inspector Region ParametersTo view or hide the Region Parameter box To undo any parameter changes Using the Track/Channel ParametersThe Track Parameters To change a parameter valueThe Arrange Channel Strips 4Editing MIDI Events Getting to Know the MIDI EditorsTo open or close the Piano Roll, Score or Hyper Editor Resize pointer Chapter 4 Editing MIDI EventsTo edit a note event position, do one of the following To open or close the Event ListEditing and Creating Events To create new note events in the Piano Roll EditorTo change the velocity of a note in the Piano Roll Editor Quantization menu Quantize button To quantize one or more selected notesPage Channel Strip Settings menu Insert slot Send slot Instrument slot 5 Using Instruments and EffectsTo directly insert an instrument into an instrument channel strip To directly insert an effect into a channel strip To remove an inserted plug-in effect or instrument Using the LibraryTo directly insert an EQ into a channel strip To replace an inserted plug-in effect or instrumentUsing the Library to load complete channel strip settings To quickly change loaded effect or instrument settingsTo open or close the Library Editing Instruments and Effects To edit plug-in parametersTo open the ES E plug-in window if it isn’t open Editing Audio Files 6Working With Audio FilesChapter 6 Working With Audio Files To open the Sample Editor, do one of the followingTo export an audio file as an MP3 file Managing Your Audio FilesPage 7Mixing and Exporting Your ProjectTo open or close the Mixer window Using the Channel Strip Controls To change the Mixer viewTo select a different track/channel To adjust the level of a channel strip To adjust the panning or balance of a channel stripChanging the Routing of Channel Strips To send a channel to a bus Automating Your Mix To choose an automation parameter To edit the volume automation track To write volume automation to an automation trackTo bounce your mix Exporting Your Project8Speeding Up Your Workflow Using Key CommandsTo recall a screenset, do one of the following Using ScreensetsTo set up a screenset To set up more than nine screensetsUsing Control Surfaces Page MIDI The MIDI LanguageAAudio and MIDI Basics The MIDI Connection AudioDigital and Analog Recording About Bits and Sampling Rates Digital ConversionsSound Preference Pane BAudio and MIDI in Mac OSThis chapter covers the audio and MIDI facilities of Mac OS Core AudioAudio MIDI Setup AMS Core MIDIThe MIDI Page of AMS Memory SystemCOptimizing Your Computer Audio HardwareSoftware BackupTroubleshooting Preferences and Parameter RAM If Disaster StrikesPCI Errors Faulty CablesHard Disk Checking and File Structure Repair Re-installing or Updating the Operating System VirusesFormatting the Hard Disk Appendix C Optimizing Your Computer Audio System Page Glossary GlossaryGlossary beats per minute See bpm Broadcast Wave See Wave count-in Beats heard prior to the start of a recording or playback division value Adjustable value shown in notes for the grid used in displays and operations. Third number displayed in the Transport bar’s Position display. The division value is set in the Transport bar, below the time signature Finger tool Tool as used in the Piano Roll Editor, for example that looks like a hand with an extended index finger. This tool allows you to manipulate the length of events or perform other operations in other areas of the program input monitoring This function allows you to hear incoming audio, when audio tracks are playing, record-enabled, or recording. Simply click the Input Monitoring button on Arrange audio tracks to enable or disable input monitoring Library Window or tab in the Media area of the Arrange window used to handle all settings files for channel strips, effects, and instruments modulation wheel A MIDI controller found on most MIDI keyboards movie See video Parameter box Field on the left side of Logic windows or in the Inspector. It is used to adjust the parameters of the selected track, regions, events, or objects. Also see Inspector project settings The project settings are a collection of program settings that are specific to the current project. These are different to the global preferences that affect all Logic projects see Preferences window sample A digital recording of a sound at a particular instant in time Score Editor Logic editor that deals with standard musical notation. MIDI note events are represented as quavers, crotchets, minims, and so on. The Score Editor allows you to adjust and edit the layout of the score, and print it ES M track arming See record enable zoom control The control that appears at the bottom right of some windows, such as the Arrange. The zoom control slider allows you to navigate through the entire length of the currently displayed project. The lines on the left and right of the slider can be clicked to zoom in and out by a fixed percentage Index IndexIndex See also channel strip changing view 64 described IndexIndex Index See also preset