Bryant Q674, T874 - page 63

T874 MULTISTAGE THERMOSTATS AND Q674 SUBBASES

63 60-2485—8

H1021 74 Obsolete. Friedrich Climate Master lo

g

o; part no.

AT5821; °F/°C scaleplate; used with Q674C1041. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y; L-R

j

umper

re

q

uired; replacement has °F

scaleplate.

H1039 79 Obsolete. Mammoth lo

g

o; °F/°C scaleplate; used with

Q674C1124; used in Y594H1004. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

R1=R, R2=L.

H1054 74 Obsolete. No lo

g

o; Friedrich part no. AT5854; used with

Q674C1041. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y; L-R

j

umper

re

q

uired.

H1062 164 Hone

y

well lo

g

o; used with Q674C1249; used in

Y594H1012. Y594H1012a

H1070 172,

173 Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT166; °C scaleplate; used with Q674B1406

(

HH93AZ200

)

or Q674C1322

(

HH93AZ199

)

.

None See subbase description for

replacement information.

H1088 172,

173 Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT167; used with Q674B1406

(

HH93AZ200

)

or Q674C1322

(

HH93AZ199

)

.

None See subbase description for

replacement information.

H1096 177 Obsolete. Mammoth Water Source Heat Pump lo

g

o; °F/

°C scaleplate; chan

g

eover sta

g

e 0.8A maximum; used B

or O terminal; used with Q674C1330.

Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

R1=R, R2=L; L-R

j

umper

re

q

uired.

H1112 74 No lo

g

o; Friedrich part no. AT5812; used with

Q674C1355. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y; L-R

j

umper

re

q

uired.

H1120 205 Obsolete. Command Aire lo

g

o; part no. P1013-0055;

used with Q674C1389, C1397. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y.

H1138 221 Obsolete. Climate Master lo

g

o; part no. AT5838; used

with Q674C1470. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y; replacement has

MALFUNCTION LED onl

y

.

H1146 205 Trane lo

g

o; part no. X13510598010. Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y.

H1153 173 Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT167; °F/°C scaleplate; used with

Q674C1322; used in Y594H1053.

None See subbase description for

replacement information.

H1161 74 Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT203; °F/°C scaleplate; used with

Q674C1496; used in Y594H1038.

Y594H1012aWirin

g

differences

(

old=new

)

:

Y1=O, Y2=Y; L-R

j

umper

re

q

uired.

T874J Heat pump model. 2-sta

g

e heat, 1-sta

g

e cool.

J1002 124,

144,

206,

207

Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT175; used with Q674J1068

(

HH93AZ183

)

,

Q674J1159

(

HH93AZ196

)

, Q674L1074

(

HH93AZ186

)

,

Q674L1637

(

HH93AZ195

)

.

None See subbase description for

replacement information.

J1010 124,

171 Obsolete. BDP multi lo

g

o; part no. 34427DP124/P272-

2471; used with Q674J1084, L1371. None See subbase description for

replacement information.

J1028 124,

144,

206,

207

Obsolete. Carrier Heat Pump S

y

stem Control lo

g

o; part

no. HH07AT165; °C scaleplate; used with Q674J1068

(

HH93AZ183

)

, Q674J1159

(

HH93AZ196

)

, Q674L1074

(

HH93AZ186

)

, Q674L1637

(

HH93AZ195

)

.

None See subbase description for

replacement information.

J1036 124,

171 Obsolete. Miller lo

g

o; part no. 9132230; used with

Q674J1217. T8511G1021

J1044 124,

171 Obsolete. Intertherm lo

g

o; part no. 9132240; used with

Q674J1217. T8511G1021

J1051 124,

144 Obsolete. Carrier lo

g

o; part no. HH07AT165-W; Premier

White® color; °C scaleplate. None See subbase description for

replacement information.

Table 8. T874 Cross Reference.

Model

Number Fig.

No. Description Trade Model

Replacement Remarks

aBoth the thermostat and subbase must be replaced.

Contents

Main PRODUCT DATA T874 Multistage Thermostats and Q674 Subbases APPLICATION FEATURES Contents ORDERING INFORMATION SPECIFICATIONS Super Tradeline/Tradeline Models Super Tradeline Models Tradeline Models Standard Models Page Page Page T874 MULTISTAGE THERMOSTATS AND Q674 SUBBASES MERCURY NOTICE INSTALLATION When Installing this Product Location Mount Subbase Wire Subbase Page Outdoor Disconnect ithin remains Install and Adjust Stop Brackets not SETTINGS Set the Heat Anticipator Temperature Setting Subbase Setting Setting the Adjustable Differential wider larger CHECKOUT Heating Cooling Fan Outdoor Reset Thermistor (Where Applicable) CALIBRATION Thermostat Thermometer UNDERSTANDING CIRCUITS Tracing Method: Page Fig. 18. Tracing the changeover relay circuit. Fig. 19. Tracing the heat 1 and anticipation circuit. Fig. 20. Tracing the heat 1 anticipation circuit. Fig. 21. Tracing the heat 2, anticipation and AUX. HT. LED circuit. Fig. 22. Tracing the emergency heat and EM. HT. LED circuit. Fig. 23. Tracing the cooling circuit. Fig. 24. Tracing the auto fan circuit. Fig. 25. Tracing the fan on circuit. OPERATION Heat Anticipation/Cool Anticipation anticipates current anticipation voltage anticipation Service and Replacement of C815A Outdoor Thermistor 80 50 60 70 80 Features LED Indicators This must be done during installation. Commercial Rooftop Application Enthalpy Heat Pump Application Space Temperature Sensing Low Voltage Controls Two-Stage Thermostat Cycling Rate Voltage Anticipation designed into Outdoor Reset Outdoor ResetHow it Works Low Temperature Lockouts COP = Heat Pumps with Dual Compressors Two speed Heat Pump Defrost Control Defrosting Defrost Control Functions quipment safety economy of operation Stage or Time Modulated Control Outdoor thermostats time modulated thermostat jiggler Three-Stage Thermostat Crankcase Heat Compressor Fault Relay CROSS REFERENCE Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page T874 MULTISTAGE THERMOSTATS AND Q674 SUBBASES Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page WIRING DIAGRAMS Fig. 44. Schematic and hookup of T874A,B,C,D,E,F with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 45. Schematic and hookup of T874C,D with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 46. Schematic and hookup of T874A,B,D with Q674B. Used in standard applications. . Fig. 47. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 48. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 49. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 50. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 51. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 52. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in standard applications. W1 G RC W3 W2 F RH B O Y1 COMPRESSOR CONTACTOR Fig. 53. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 54. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 55. Schematic and hookup of T874A,D,F with Q674D. Used in standard applications. Fig. 56. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 57. Schematic and hookup of T874P with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 58. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674D. Used in standard applications. Fig. 59. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674Q. Used in fan coil applications. Fig. 60. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674N. Used in evaporative cooler applications. Fig. 61. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674N. Used in evaporative cooler applications. Fig. 62. Schematic and hookup of T874F with Q674B. Used in wood/coal applications. Fig. 63. Schematic and hookup of T874F with Q674D. Used in wood/coal applications. Fig. 64. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674Q. Used in fan coil applications. Fig. 65. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 66. Schematic and hookup of T874A,D,F with Q674D. Used in standard applications. Fig. 67. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 68. Schematic and hookup of T874P with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 69. Schematic and hookup of T874V with Q674R. Used in fan coil applications. Fig. 70. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674S. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 71. Schematic and hookup of T874A-D with Q674A. Used in standard applications. Fig. 72. Schematic and hookup of T874D,E,F with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 73. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 74. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 75. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 76. Schematic and hookup of T874A-D with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 77. Schematic and hookup of T874K with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 78. Schematic and hookup of T874P with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 79. Schematic and hookup of T874G,H with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 80. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 81. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 82. Schematic and hookup of T874A,C,D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 83. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 84. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674E. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 85. Schematic and hookup of T874A-D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 86. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674E. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 87. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 88. Schematic and hookup of T874B,D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 89. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 90. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 91. Schematic and hookup of T874A-F,Q with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 92. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674G. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 93. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674K. Used in standard applications. Fig. 94. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 95. Schematic and hookup of T874F with Q674K. Used in wood/oil applications. Fig. 96. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 97. Schematic and hookup of T874P with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 98. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 99. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 100. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 101. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 102. Schematic and hookup of T874J,R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 103. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 104. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 105. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 106. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 107. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 108. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 109. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 110. Schematic and hookup of T87C,R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 111. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 112. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 113. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 114. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 115. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 116. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 117. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 118. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 119. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 120. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 121. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 122. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 123. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 124. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 125. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 126. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674P. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 127. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 128. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 129. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 130. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 131. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 132. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 133. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 134. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 135. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 136. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 137. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 138. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. O R B Fig. 140. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 141. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 142. Schematic and hookup of T874C,D with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 143. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 144. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 145. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 146. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 147. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 148. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 149. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 150. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 151. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 152. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 153. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 154. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 155. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 156. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 157. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 158. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 159. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 160. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 161. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 162. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 163. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 164. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 165. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 166. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 167. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 168. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 169. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 170. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 171. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 172. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 173. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 174. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 175. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 176. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 177. Schematic and hookup of T874G,H with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 178. Schematic and hookup of T874N with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 179. Schematic and hookup of T874N with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 180. Schematic and hookup of T874A,D with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 181. Schematic and hookup of T874K with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 182. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 183. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 184. Schematic and hookup of T874A,F with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 185. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 186. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 187. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 188. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 189. Schematic and hookup of T874F with Q674D. Used in standard applications. Fig. 190. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 191. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 192. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 193. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 194. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 195. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 196. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 197. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 198. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 199. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 200. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 201. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 202. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 203. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 204. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 205. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 206. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 207. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 208. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674D. Used in standard applications. Fig. 209. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 210. Schematic and hookup of T874Y with Q674E. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 211. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in standard applications. Fig. 212. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 213. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 214. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 215. Schematic and hookup of T874L with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 216. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 217. Schematic and hookup of T874N with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 218. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 219. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 220. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 221. Schematic and hookup of T874H with Q674C. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 222. Schematic and hookup of T874B with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 223. Schematic and hookup of T874S with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 224. Schematic and hookup of T874A,D with Q674E. Used in standard applications. Fig. 225. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 226. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 227. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 228. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 229. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 230. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 231. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 232. Schematic and hookup of T874D with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 233. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 234. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 235. Schematic and hookup of T874G and Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 236. Schematic and hookup of T874A-D with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 237. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in standard applications. Fig. 238. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 239. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 240. Schematic and hookup of T874A with Q674W. Used in standard applications. Fig. 241. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 242. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674C. Used in standard applications. Fig. 243. Schematic and hookup of T874G with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 244. Schematic and hookup of T874J with Q674J. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 245. Schematic and hookup of T874R with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 246. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674G. Used in standard applications. Fig. 247. Schematic and hookup of T874W with Q674L. Used in heat pump applications. Fig. 248. Schematic and hookup of T874Y with Q674F. Used in heat pump applications. 60-24858 J.H. Rev. 3-01 www.hone y well.com Home and Building Control Home and Building Control Fig. 249. Schematic and hookup of T874C with Q674B. Used in heat pump applications.