condition and five the best. Seeing conditions can be classified in one of three categories. The definitions of these categories are based on the causes of the different seeing conditions.

Type 1 seeing conditions are characterized by rapid changes in the image seen through the telescope. Extended objects, like the moon, appear to shimmer while point sources (stars) appear double. Type 1 seeing is caused by air currents within, or very close to, the telescope tube. These currents are caused by a telescope that has not reached thermal equilibrium with the outdoor surroundings or heat waves from people standing near the telescope. To avoid the problems associated with Type 1 seeing, allow your telescope approximately 30 minutes outdoors to reach thermal equilibrium with the environment. If observing with others, make sure no one stands in front of or directly below the telescope tube.

The images produced by Type 2 seeing conditions don't move as quickly as those produced by Type 1 conditions, but the images are quite blurry. Fine detail is lost and contrast is low for extended objects. Stars appear spread out and lack sharpness. Type 2 seeing conditions are produced in the lower atmosphere, most likely by heat waves from the ground or buildings. To avoid the problems associated with Type 2 seeing, select a good observing site. Look for broad hilltops or open grassy fields. Stable thermal conditions found near lakes and atmospheric inversions tend to produce good seeing. Avoid sites that overlook asphalt parking lots, plowed fields, valleys or shorelines. If you can't get a better location, wait until the early morning hours when the surroundings are uniformly cool and seeing is generally better.

Type 3 seeing conditions are characterized by fast ripples that create shimmer in the visual field, affecting otherwise sharp images. For extended objects, fine details are visible, but images shift around the field. Stars are crisp points, but they rapidly shift small distances within the field of view. The cause of Type 3 seeing is turbulence in the upper atmosphere, which means the observer has no control over it. However, the effects of Type 3 seeing are generally less pronounced than those of Type 1 and 2 conditions. Type 3 seeing conditions can’t really be avoided, so your best bet is to wait for moments of atmospheric steadiness. If seeing conditions are extremely bad, you might consider waiting for a better night.

The conditions described here apply to both visual and photographic observations.

Figure 13

Seeing conditions directly affect image quality. These drawings represent a point source (i.e., star) under bad seeing conditions (left) to excellent conditions (right). Most often, seeing conditions produce images that lie somewhere between these two extremes.

TELESCOPE MAINTENANCE

With proper care your telescope should rarely need any maintenance work.

A.When not in use, always replace all lens covers to keep dust and contaminants off the optical surfaces.

B.A small amount of dust on any optical surface is ok. If the dust builds up then use a can of compressed air and then a camel's hair brush to remove the dust.

C.If the lens need cleaning, it should be cleaned by a professional. Either have your instrument serviced by a telescope repair facility or return it to the factory.

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Celestron 70 manual Telescope Maintenance
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70 specifications

The Celestron 70 telescope, specifically the Celestron Astromaster 70, is a popular choice among amateur astronomers and casual stargazers. This telescope is known for its user-friendly design and impressive optical performance, making it suitable for both beginners and those with some experience in astronomy.

One of the most notable features of the Celestron 70 is its 70mm aperture. This size provides ample light-gathering capability, allowing for the observation of celestial objects such as planets, star clusters, and even some of the brighter deep-sky objects. The optical system consists of a refractor design with fully coated glass optics, ensuring bright and clear images.

The Celestron 70 also incorporates a sturdy mount. The manual Altazimuth mount is intuitive and easy to use, making it simple for users to locate and track astronomical objects in the night sky. It is often equipped with slow-motion controls that help with precision tracking. The lightweight design of the telescope allows for easy portability, making it ideal for viewing sessions in various locations, whether in your backyard or at a remote dark-sky site.

Another key technology in the Celestron 70 is its erect image optics, which produce images that are oriented correctly, making it suitable for both astronomical and terrestrial viewing. Users can easily switch between observing the craters of the Moon, the rings of Saturn, or scenic landscapes during the day.

In addition, the Celestron 70 comes with several useful accessories. It typically includes a finderscope that assists users in locating celestial objects, as well as a collection of interchangeable eyepieces to enhance the viewing experience. The included software often provides a great introduction to astronomy, helping users learn about the various constellations and celestial bodies they can observe.

Overall, the Celestron 70 telescope combines affordability with quality, making it an excellent choice for newcomers to astronomy or anyone looking for a reliable scope for casual observation. With its impressive features, robust design, and user-friendly functionality, it caters to the growing interest in stargazing, inviting users of all ages to explore the wonders of the universe. Whether a clear night brings a chance to observe the intricacies of the Moon's surface or distant stars, the Celestron 70 is poised to provide an enjoyable viewing experience.
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