Software Design

level adjustment (brightness linearization). The regulation error is then the input value for the PI regulator. The output value from the PI regulator is the HRP period for half bridge power stage.

Input required luminance level adjustment adapts the required luminance level to its exponential value. This is done because of the nonlinear function dependence of luminance on the lamp current. The transformation table is used. The table contains the required current values.

The values in the table can be calculated using the following expression.

 

ireq = A ⋅ ek ⋅ ireqAD + q

(EQ 5-1)

where:

ireg is the required current in the exponential expression used for the control algorithm calculation

iregAD is the required current measured by the AD converter

A is the exponential curve gain

q is the exponential curve offset

To calculate the coefficients A and q correctly, the following values must be known.

Minimum HRP frequency

fmin

Maximum HRP frequency

fmax

• Tube current measurement range

imax

• Minimum required tube current

itmin

• Maximum required tube current

itmax

ADC maximum value

ADmax

ADC minimum value

ADmin

• Minimum required tube current value converted to ADC range

itADmin

• Maximum required tube current value converted to ADC range

itADmin

k determines function precision

Then:

itADmin =

round(itmin ⋅ ADmax ⁄ imax;0)

itADmax =

round(itmax ⋅ ADmax ⁄ imax;0)

A

itADmax itADmin

= ----------------------------------------------------

 

ek ⋅ ADmax ek ⋅ ADmin

q = itADmin A ⋅ ek ⋅ ADmin

(EQ 5-2)

(EQ 5-3)

(EQ 5-4)

(EQ 5-5)

This is a time-consuming calculation, but it can be simplified by using the sheet “HRP_Setup” provided in the Excel file “DLB_Setup.xls”. This file can be downloaded along with this designer reference manual.

Dimmable Light Ballast with Power Factor Correction, Rev. 1

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Freescale Semiconductor

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Freescale Semiconductor M68HC08 manual Roundi tmin ⋅ AD max ⁄ i max

M68HC08 specifications

Freescale Semiconductor, known for its innovative solutions in the field of embedded systems, developed the M68HC08 microcontroller family, which includes the MC68HC908QT2. This 8-bit microcontroller is engineered to meet the demands of diverse applications, including automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics.

The MC68HC908QT2 is designed around Freescale’s M68HC08 core, which is renowned for its efficient and reliable performance. This microcontroller integrates a powerful instruction set, enabling developers to create high-performance applications with relatively low power consumption. The device operates at a clock frequency of up to 3 MHz, which is adequate for various control tasks.

One of the key features of the MC68HC908QT2 is its memory architecture. It includes a 2 KB Flash memory for program storage, representing a significant advantage for developers requiring non-volatile memory. Additionally, it encompasses 128 bytes of EEPROM memory, allowing for data retention even after power loss. The microcontroller also has 256 bytes of RAM for efficient data manipulation during operation.

In terms of input/output capabilities, the MC68HC908QT2 supports a variety of interfacing options. The microcontroller features up to 20 general-purpose I/O pins for flexibility in connecting with peripheral devices. Additionally, it provides multiple analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and timers that facilitate efficient analog signal processing and precise control through timing functions.

The architecture of the MC68HC908QT2 also incorporates sophisticated on-chip peripherals, enhancing its functionality. These peripherals include PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) outputs, which are essential for applications requiring motor control and other precise duty cycle processes. The integrated watchdog timer ensures reliable operation by resetting the system in the event of an application failure.

Moreover, the MC68HC908QT2 is equipped with an efficient power management system, enabling operation in a low-power mode, ideal for battery-powered applications. This microcontroller is packaged in a compact 28-pin dual in-line package (DIP), making it suitable for space-constrained designs.

In summary, the Freescale Semiconductor MC68HC908QT2 microcontroller is distinguished by its robust performance, extensive memory options, and versatile I/O capabilities. Its advanced features, including built-in timers, ADC, and a power management system, make it an exceptional choice for developers seeking to implement reliable and efficient embedded solutions. With its comprehensive architecture, the MC68HC908QT2 remains a popular choice in the landscape of 8-bit microcontrollers.