Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
Design, Specifications are subject to change without notice. Ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or use.
Whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail.
– EE16 –
Application Guidelines

1. Circuit Design

Ensure that operational and mounting conditions
follw the specified conditions detailed in the catalog
and specification sheets.

1.1 Operating Temperature and Frequency

Electrolytic capacitor electrical parameters are
normally specified at 20°C temperature and 120Hz
frequency. These parameters vary with changes in
temperature and frequency. Circuit designers
should take these changes into consideration.
(1) Effects of operating temperature on electrical
parameters
a)At higher temperatures,leakage current and
capacitance increase while equivalent series
resistance(ESR) decreases.
b)At lower temperatures, leakage current and
capacitance decrease while equivalent series
resistance(ESR) increases.
(2) Effects of frequency on electrical parameters
a)At higher frequencies, capacitance and
impedance decrease while tan δ increases.
b)At lower frequencies, ripple current generated
heat will rise due to an increase in equivalent
series resistance (ESR).

1.2 Operating Temperature and Life Expectancy

(1) Expected life is affected by operating temperature.
Generally, each 10°C reduction in temperature
will double the expected life. Use capacitors at
the lowest possible temperature below the
maximum guaranteed temperature.
(2) If operating conditions exceed the maximum
guaranteed limit, rapid eIectrical parameter
deterioration will occur, and irreversible damage
will result.
Check for maximum capacitor operating tempera-
tures including ambient temperature, internal
capacitor temperature rise caused by ripple current,
and the effects of radiated heat from power
transistors, IC?s or resistors.
Avoid placing components which could conduct
heat to the capacitor from the back side of the circuit
board.
(3)The formula for calculating expected Iife at lower
operating temperatures is as fllows;
L2 = L1 x 2 where,
L1: Guaranteed life (h) at temperature, T1° C
L2: Expected life (h) at temperature,T2°C
T1: Maximum operating temperature (°C)
T2: Actual operating temperature, ambient
temperature + temperature rise due to
ripple currentheating(°C)
A quick eference capacitor guide for estimating
exected life is included for your reference.
2000 5000 10,000 20,000 50,000 100,000 200,000
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
8h/d
1 2 3 4 5 7 20
3 6 10 15 20 30

■ Expected Life Estimate Quick Reference Guide ■ Failure rate curve

1. 85°C2000h
2.105°C1000h
3.105°C2000h
4.105°C5000h
1
234
Capacitor Ambient Temperature
(h)
Years
Years
24h
operat-
ion
Failure rate
Time
Initial failure period
Life Time
Random failure period Wear failure period
T1-T2
10
Mar. 2005